Fluoroquinolones versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Journal
Clinical Microbiology and Infection
Journal Volume
25
Journal Issue
5
Pages
546-554
Date Issued
2019
Author(s)
Ko J.-H.
Kang C.-I.
Cornejo-Ju?rez P.
Yeh K.-M.
Wang C.-H.
Cho S.Y.
G?zel M.G.
Kim S.-H.
Sekiya N.
Matsumura Y.
Lee D.-G.
Cho S.-Y.
Shiratori S.
Kim Y.-J.
Chung D.R.
Peck K.R.
Abstract
Background: Fluoroquinolones are a popular alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. Objectives: To compare the effects of fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on mortality of S. maltophilia infections. Data sources: PubMed and EMBASE. Study eligibility criteria: Clinical studies reporting mortality outcomes of S. maltophilia infections. Participants: Patients with clinical infections caused by S. maltophilia. Interventions: Fluoroquinolone monotherapy in comparison with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole monotherapy. Methods: Systematic review with meta-analysis technique. Results: Seven retrospective cohort and seven case–control studies were included. Three cohort studies were designed to compare the two drugs, whereas others had other purposes. A total of 663 patients were identified, 332 of which were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (50.1%) and 331 with fluoroquinolones (49.9%). Three cohort studies were designed to compare the effect of the two drugs, whereas the others had other purposes. Levofloxacin was most frequently used among fluoroquinolones (187/331, 56.5%), followed by ciprofloxacin (114/331, 34.4%). The overall mortality rate was 29.6%. Using pooled ORs for the mortality of each study, fluoroquinolone treatment (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39–0.99) was associated with survival benefit over trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment, with low heterogeneity (I 2 = 18%). Specific fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.17–1.12) and levofloxacin (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.48–1.26) did not show a significant difference in comparison with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In the sub-group analyses of adult and bacteraemic patients, significant differences in mortality were not observed between fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Conclusions: Based on a meta-analysis of non-randomized studies, fluoroquinolones demonstrated comparable effects on mortality of S. maltophilia infection to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, supporting the use of fluoroquinolones in clinical S. maltophilia infections. Although the pooled analysis of overall studies favoured fluoroquinolones over trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the studies included were observational, and sub-group analyses of certain fluoroquinolone agents did not show statistical differences with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Randomized clinical studies are needed to address these issues. ? 2018 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
SDGs
Other Subjects
cotrimoxazole; levofloxacin; quinolone derivative; antiinfective agent; cotrimoxazole; quinolone derivative; antibacterial activity; bacterial infection; comparative effectiveness; disease severity; hospital mortality; human; meta analysis; mortality rate; priority journal; Review; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection; survival; systematic review; adolescent; adult; aged; child; comparative study; drug effect; female; Gram negative infection; infant; isolation and purification; male; microbiology; middle aged; mortality; newborn; preschool child; retrospective study; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; survival analysis; treatment outcome; very elderly; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Young Adult
Type
review