Commuter exposure to submicrometer, fine, coarse particles and carbon monoxide in Taipei city
Date Issued
2005
Date
2005
Author(s)
Wu, Yi-Her
DOI
zh-TW
Abstract
Objective：This study examined in-vehicle concentration and commuter exposures of particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO) in four transportations: bus, car, motorcycle, and mass rapid transit(MRT).
Methods：Personal exposures to air pollutants (PM1.0, PM1.0-2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10, and CO) were simultaneously measured in four transportations on six routes during the morning and evening rush hours during weekdays in Taipei. The frequency distribution of 1-min data were recorded in data logger. We also used video or documentary to record unusual events, such as bus door open time, stopped duration at traffic light for car and motorcycle commuters, walking period for MRT commuter, which could influence PM and CO concentrations on trips while commuting. We also examined the motorcycle riders’ exposure to PM and CO on the road with buslane and without buslane, separately. We examine commuter exposure to PM and CO by combining in-vehicle concentrations, commuting time and commuter’s ventilation rate.
Results：The in-vehicle mass concentration of PM1.0, PM1.0-2.5, PM2.5-10 and PM10 was highest in motorcycle, followed by bus, MRT and car. The in-vehicle concentrations of PM1.0 in motorcycle, bus, MRT and car were 39.5μg/m3, 28.5μg/m3, 24.9μg/m3 and 18.3μg/m3. We found that PM2.5-10 and PM10 in-vehicle concentration for bus would be elevated when the door of bus was opened. For car drivers, the concentrations of PM and CO were rarely varied, even when encountering to unusual events. For motorcycle riders, the concentrations of PM and CO were higher while stopping at the traffic lights than while moving. For MRT commuters, the concentrations of PM and CO were higher while walking than while staying in vehicle. The concentrations of PM and CO for motorcycle riders were higher while commuting on the road
without buslane than those with buslane. Adult commuters’ annual PM1.0 exposures were 10.3 mg by motorcycle, 7.4 mg by bus, 3.9 mg by MRT and 5.7 mg by car. Adult commuters’ annual CO exposures were 2.3 g by motorcycle, 1.1 g by bus, 0.1 g by MRT and 5.4 g by car.
Conclusion：We concluded that motorcyclists had higher PM and CO exposures than public transportation riders and private car drivers while commuting in Taipei. The vehicle exhausts were main sources of commuter exposure to PM and CO in Taipei.
Subjects
通勤者
懸浮微粒
一氧化碳
暴露評估
次微米
commuter
particulate matter
carbon monoxide
exposure assessment
submicrometer
SDGs
Type
thesis
File(s)![Thumbnail Image]()
Loading...
Name
ntu-94-R92841021-1.pdf
Size
23.31 KB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum
(MD5):b29056eaded58295be8ab977075b6263