A Normative Study on the National Taiwan University Ordering Test in Healthy Individuals in Taiwan
Date Issued
2015
Date
2015
Author(s)
Dong, Ling-Yin
Abstract
Background: The National Taiwan University Ordering Test (NTUOT) is a good task for measuring temporal order memory as well as false memory in normal aging. In addition, NTUOT performance likely reflects dorsolateral prefrontal cortex function. Further, this test has several advantages, such as convenience, short administration time, and availability of multiple parallel versions. However, there is currently a lack of normative data for the NTUOT in the Taiwanese population. Objective: The present study aimed to obtain normative data for the NTUOT. The specific objectives were as follows: (1) to assess the influence of demographic variables on test performance, (2) to establish psychometric properties, and (3) to determine norm appropriacy. Methods: Participants (N = 300) were recruited through stratified sampling by current age (ranging from 16 to 93 years old), education (ranging from 0 to 18 years), and area of residence. Participants (N=33) additionally completed the Logical Memory subtests of the WMS-III, the Modified Card Sorting Test, the Trail Making Test, and the semantic Association of Verbal Fluency test. Test-retest and alternate-forms reliability were derived from a subgroup of participants. Results: Age and education, but not gender, significantly influenced NTUOT performance. The results also showed sound test-retest reliability, criterion-related validity, and construct validity for the NTUOT. The normative data showed good representativeness, recency, and relevance. Conclusion: The present study determined the influence of demographic effects on NTUOT performance, established appropriate normative data for evaluating temporal order memory, and provided a referential table for percentile ranks. Moreover, the reliability and validity of the NTUOT were further verified in an adult Taiwanese sample. The NTUOT is useful for detecting changes in the prefrontal lobe and for evaluating the effect of rehabilitation on gist memory. However, further exploration of the issue of assessing the relationship between NTUOT and DRM paradigm and the alternate-forms reliability of the NTUOT for recognition is necessary.
Subjects
the National Taiwan University Ordering Test
neuropsychological assessment
temporal order memory
normative data
demographic variables
reliability
validity
adjusted score
Type
thesis
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