Dysphoria and Modes of Rumination on Emotion Regulation and Episodic Future Thinking
Date Issued
2011
Date
2011
Author(s)
Lee, Wan-Lin
Abstract
Since Teasdale ( 1988 ) proposed differential activation hypothesis, researchers began to focus on emotion regulation strategies used by depressive individuals. They found that depressive individual tended to ruminate about their depressed mood and symptoms. Depressive rumination will enhance depressed mood and negative cognition, and even maintain the depressive episode. Recently, research showed that compared to depressive rumination, experiential rumination could be a more adaptive emotional regulation strategy, but few studies discussed how experiential rumination influenced episodic future thinking. In this study, the authors investigated how dysphoria and modes of rumination influenced emotion regulation and episodic future thinking under negative mood induction. First, the authors induced negative mood on 103 subjects. After all subjects completed the negative mood induction and pre-tests, they were randomly assigned to analytic rumination or experiential rumination. Finally, all subjects completed post-tests and manipulation check. The authors chose BDI cut point scores > 10 to be dysphoric group and BDI < 6 to be nondysphoric group. Using these criteria, we finally screened 86 subjects to do data analysis. A 2(dysphoric/ nondysphoric group) x 2 (analytic/experiential rumination) two way ANCOVA was conducted with pre-test scores as covariate. The present study showed that under negative mood induction, nondysphoric group showed mood-incongruent effect. Compared to negative future events, nondysphoric group considered positive future events as being more likely to happen, but dyphoric group did not have such mood-incongruent effect. Compared to nondysphoric group, dysphoric group thought negative future events as more likely to happen. Compared to analytic rumination group, experiential rumination group tended to think negative future events as more likely to happen, showed better positive mood recovery, and enhanced the specificity of positive future events. We concluded that under negative mood context, experiential rumination would have more adaptive effect on positive mood recovery and positive future thinking specificity, indicating that the adaptive effects of experiential rumination was on the positive affect axon. Taken together, the present study supported that experiential rumination was more adaptive, and found that experiential rumination has different effects on positive and negative affect axon. Finally, since that the present study found experiential rumination could probably increase the negative future expectancy, it is suggested that individual’s characteristics and depressed symptoms should be taken into consideration carefully before using experiential rumination or mindfulness as a clinical intervention.
Subjects
depression
analytic rumination
experiential rumination
episodic future thinking
mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
Type
thesis
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