Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges
Journal
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
Journal Volume
55
Journal Issue
3
Pages
105924
Date Issued
2020
Author(s)
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously provisionally named 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV) disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 has caused a large global outbreak and is a major public health issue. As of 11 February 2020, data from the World Health Organization (WHO) have shown that more than 43 000 confirmed cases have been identified in 28 countries/regions, with >99% of cases being detected in China. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 as the sixth public health emergency of international concern. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to two bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21. It is spread by human-to-human transmission via droplets or direct contact, and infection has been estimated to have mean incubation period of 6.4 days and a basic reproduction number of 2.24–3.58. Among patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus pneumonia or Wuhan pneumonia), fever was the most common symptom, followed by cough. Bilateral lung involvement with ground-glass opacity was the most common finding from computed tomography images of the chest. The one case of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in the USA is responding well to remdesivir, which is now undergoing a clinical trial in China. Currently, controlling infection to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is the primary intervention being used. However, public health authorities should keep monitoring the situation closely, as the more we can learn about this novel virus and its associated outbreak, the better we can respond. ? 2020 Elsevier Ltd
SDGs
Other Subjects
3CLpro inhibitor; alcohol; antibiotic agent; antifungal agent; antivirus agent; arbidol; benzalkonium chloride; Chinese drug; chlorhexidine gluconate; chloroquine; corticosteroid; disinfectant agent; ganciclovir; hydrogen peroxide; hypochlorite sodium; immunoglobulin; lamivudine; lianhua qingwen; lopinavir plus ritonavir; nucleoside analog; oseltamivir; peptide derivative; proteinase inhibitor; remdesivir; shufeng jiedu; sialidase inhibitor; steroid; tenofovir disoproxil; unclassified drug; acute heart failure; acute kidney failure; adult respiratory distress syndrome; antiviral activity; artificial ventilation; asymptomatic infection; basic reproduction number; China; clinical feature; computer assisted tomography; continuous renal replacement therapy; Coronavirinae; coronavirus disease 2019; Coronavirus infection; coughing; drug efficacy; drug response; epidemic; extracorporeal oxygenation; fever; human; hypoxemia; incidence; incubation time; infection control; infection prevention; intensive care unit; mixed infection; mortality; nonhuman; priority journal; Review; secondary infection; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; shock; treatment outcome; virus inactivation; virus pneumonia; virus transmission; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus infection; severe acute respiratory syndrome; virology; virus pneumonia; World Health Organization; Betacoronavirus; China; Coronavirus Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Pneumonia, Viral; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; World Health Organization
Type
review