Identification and bioassay of female attractants extracted from the male oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel))
Date Issued
2011
Date
2011
Author(s)
Chiu, Chung-Wei
Abstract
Oriental fruit fly (OFF), Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is one of most important pests in Taiwan. However, the female attractant, such as sex pheromone, used for controlling OFF has not been available. In this study, male-released sex pheromone was identified and analyzed. Male performs wing vibration for dispersing sex pheromone at dusk. Y tunnel experiment confirms the behavior that male attracts female by odor cue. The result shows male-released odor attracted 32 ± 1% females, and it differs significantly from control. Basing on this phenomenon, blends were extracted from male flies by whole-body extraction method. The extractions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The methyl eugenol-fed (ME-fed) male extraction contains 37 compounds. And 7 compounds, including 4-vinyl-2-methoxy- phenol (4V2MP), eugenol, isoeugenol, 1-methyoxy-2-(1-methyl-2-propenyl) benzene, methyl isoeugenol, 2-allyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenol (DMP), and coniferyl alcohol (CA) are ME-derived among those identifiable compounds. Further analysis by gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) is adopted for screening out the active compounds. Five active compounds, including N-(3-methylbutyl) acetamide (NMBA), 4V2MP, Eugenol, ME, and DMP, have been identified, and were further tested by behavioral experiment to determine the attractiveness to the females excluding DMP. In the insect rearing tent, ME (45.52 ± 5.21%) and blend (53.68 ± 6.29%) attracted significantly more females than other active compounds. In the greenhouse, ME (23.17 ± 1.83%) and blend (32.17 ± 2.24%) attracted significantly more females than 4V2MP and NMBA. The blend attracted more female flies than the minor compounds. The minor compounds might be synergistic to major compounds, however further study is needed to clarify the effectiveness of the five active compounds.
Subjects
Oriental fruit fly
methyl eugenol
sex pheromone
GC-EAD
Type
thesis
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