Comparison of the physical, thermal, and biological effects on implant bone site when using either zirconia or stainless-steel drill for implant bone site preparation

Zirconia has been a popular material in dental implantology with good biocompatibility. But few research focused on its application in implant drills. This study aimed to investigate the physical, thermal, and biological effects on using the zirconia and stainless-steel drills for implant bone site preparation.