Microbiota and gastrointestinal cancer
Journal
Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
Journal Volume
118
Pages
S32-S41
Date Issued
2019
Author(s)
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays important roles in many diseases, including cancer. It may promote carcinogenesis by inducing oxidative stress, genotoxicity, host immune response disturbance, and chronic inflammation. Colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and gastric cancer are the major gastrointestinal tract cancers in Taiwan. The microbiota detected in patients with tubular adenoma and villous/tubulovillous polyps is different from that in healthy controls and patients with hyperplastic polyps. Normalization of the microbiota is observed in patients after colorectal cancer treatment. Furthermore, the liver is exposed to microbiota-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), bacterial metabolites, and toxins, as it is anatomically connected to the gut via the portal vein. Patients with cirrhosis have significantly higher plasma endotoxin levels than healthy controls. Helicobacter pylori is a well-established risk factor for gastric cancer. Some nitrosating bacteria convert nitrogen compounds in gastric fluid to potentially carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds, which also contribute to gastric cancer development. Growing evidence demonstrates that gut microbiota promotes carcinogenesis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and types of microbiota changes involved in these gastrointestinal cancers and the future treatment choices. ? 2019 Formosan Medical Association
Subjects
Colorectal cancer; Gastric cancer; Gut; HCC; Microbiota
SDGs
Other Subjects
colorectal cancer; digestive system cancer; human; intestine flora; liver cell carcinoma; nonhuman; Review; carcinogenesis; fecal microbiota transplantation; gastrointestinal tract; gastrointestinal tumor; microbiology; risk factor; synbiotic agent; Carcinogenesis; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Risk Factors; Synbiotics
Publisher
Elsevier B.V.
Type
review