Biodiesel production by acid methanolysis of slaughterhouse sludge cake
Journal
Animals
Journal Volume
9
Journal Issue
12
Date Issued
2019
Author(s)
Chou, Y.-C.
Abstract
Biosludge is a normal form of accumulating microbial populations inside the sewage or wastewater treatment facilities. Excessive sludge in the wastewater treatment basins has to be removed periodically to ensure good water quality of the effluent. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of biodiesel production by transesterification of slaughterhouse sludge cake. The sludge cake was collected from a selected commercial slaughterhouse and transesterified with methanol, n-hexane, and acids (e.g., sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid) at 55 °C. Three acid concentrations (2%, 4%, and 8%, v/v) in methanol under four reaction time periods (4, 8, 16, and 24 h) were applied. Results showed that the highest accumulated fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yields of 2.51 ± 0.08% and 2.27 ± 0.09% were achieved when 8% (v/v) of H2SO4 or HCl were added in a 4 h reaction time, respectively. Methyl esters of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), and oleic acid (C18:1n9c) were the major components of biodiesel from acid methanolysis of slaughterhouse sludge cake. Experimental and analytical results of acid methanolysis of slaughterhouse sludge cake showed that acid methanolysis of sludge cake was one of the feasible and practical options to recycle sludge waste and produce renewable energy. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Subjects
Acid methanolysis; Biodiesel; Fatty acid methyl ester; Slaughterhouse; Sludge cake
Other Subjects
biodiesel; fatty acid; fatty acid ester; glycerol; hydrochloric acid; linoleic acid; methanol; monounsaturated fatty acid; oleic acid; palmitic acid; palmitoleic acid; saturated fatty acid; stearic acid; Article; biomass; calibration; controlled study; fatty acid analysis; flame ionization detection; gas chromatography; methanolysis; municipal wastewater; nonhuman; pH; qualitative analysis; reaction time; sewage; slaughterhouse; sludge; sludge treatment; temperature; transesterification; water content
Type
journal article