Ambipolar Electrochromic Devices Based on Electroactive Triphenylamine

This study has been divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 is general introduction. Chapter 2 presents the design and fabrication of the electrochromic devices containing tris(4-methoxyphenyl)amine (TPA) and 4,4′-dimethoxy-4′′-(dimethylamino)tripheny- lamine (NTPA) blended with heptyl viologen tetrafluoroborate (HV) respectively. Chapter 3 mentioned that synthesis, electrochemical and electrochromic properties of novel ambipolar electrochromic materials 1-(2-(4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenoxy)ethyl)-1''-ethyl-[4,4’-bipyridine]-1,1''-d-iium tetraflouroborate (TPA-Vio) and 2-(4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenoxy)anthracene-9,10-dione (TPA-AQ) respectively using in electrochromic device. Chapter 4 is conclusions. The design, fabrication, electrochemical and electrochromic properties of ambipolar electrochromic device based on electroactive triphenylamine were investigated and compared. With introduction of cathodic electrochromic materials which are served as charge balance agents, the obtained devices revealed two colors combination during coloring state and excellent electrochromic stability. Moreover, this consideration notably reduced driving voltage over the oxidative procedure and improved switching time for coloration and decoloration. These results demonstrate conclusively that introduction of viologen for blending and covalent-bonding could be a simplistic and attainable approach to obtain highly efficient electrochromic devices.