https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/10065
Title: | 日本語?能格構文????一考察 ─「?格」?扱?方?????─ Ergative Constructions in Japanese: On the Properties of Case Marker ‘GA’ |
Authors: | 麻子軒 Ma, Tzu-Hsuan |
Keywords: | ?格;主格;能格構文;非對格性假說;LCS;主觀性;使役化;nominative case;ergative construction;Unaccusative Hypothesis;subjectivity;causativization | Issue Date: | 2010 | Abstract: | 在語言類型論中,日語一般被歸類為對格語言,但如同「夏子はメロンが好きだ」一文所示,在日語中亦可窺見能格語言的性質。因此,若以對格語言之觀點分析上述例句中之「ガ格」,在研究上將會產生侷限性。本研究將能格語言之觀點導入日語,並重新定位「ガ格」在語法上之機能。透過設定能格構文之基本形,我們成功將目前被分為「主語(格)」「對象語(格)」兩種機能的「ガ格」統合成單一「主格」的概念。另外亦運用「非對格性假說」及「語彙概念構造」之理論,將存在於能格性文法現象之構文層次及意義層次互相結合。最後,本研究透過比較能格構文與對格構文之差異,找出了日語中能格構文之本質。 本研究之結論為以下三點:(ⅰ)日語中存在能格構文。其產生過程為:首先存在著帶有某性質的物體,接著人們認知其物體後,於內心產生情緒反應。也就是說,由客觀轉為主觀的變化過程,即為能格構文之發生條件。(ⅱ)透過LCS,能夠將能格構文(構文層次)及能格性述語(意義層次)互相結合。由其結論可得知,能格性述語會由於「主觀性強度」之不同,將其構文結構反映在「外項」「內項」之具現方式上。根據其具現方式之不同,本研究將能格性述語分為三類。(ⅲ)相對於能格構文為帶有主觀性之構文,對格構文則是帶有客觀性之構文。而在日語中,能格構文之本質,即在於客觀轉主觀時伴隨之「主觀性使役化」現象。其本質主要反映在「視點」以及「格配置」等等的日語句法現象上。 Although Japanese is generally classified as an accusative language in linguistic typology, sentences with an ergative construction, such as “Natsuko-wa Meron-ga SUKIDA”, are also very commonly seen. Therefore, if we analyze the sentence above from the perspective of accusative language, it will be very difficult to define the case marker ‘GA’. In the thesis, I will review Japanese sentence construction from the viewpoint of ergative language, and thereby redefine the case marker ‘GA’. Through the ergative construction, the two functions of ‘GA’ can be unified into one, which is nominative case. Besides, by referring to the theory of “Unaccusative Hypothesis” and “Lexical Conceptual Structure”, I discuss the ergative constructions in Japanese from both the syntax level and meaning level. Finally, by comparing ergative construction with accusative construction, I will bring out the essence of the ergative construction in Japanese. My conclusions are as follows: (ⅰ) The theory of Ergative constructions in Japanese is tenable. The following is how it takes place: First, there is something with certain qualities. Then people recognize it and hence the emotional response. In other words, that objectivity turns into subjectivity is the necessary element in the occurrence of the ergative construction in Japanese. (ⅱ) Through the theory of LCS, the ergative construction (syntax level) and the ergative predicates (meaning level) can be combined together. Therefore, it is proved that the rule of the appearance in “external argument” and “internal argument” will change and will be reflected in the syntax, according to the degree of subjectivity in ergative predicates. Owing to the difference in the appearance, I divided the ergative predicates into three groups. (ⅲ) Whereas ergative construction is with subjectivity, accusative construction is with objectivity. Thus, the essence of the ergative lies in the process, which happens incidentally while the causativization of subjectivity is taking place. This is conspicuous in Japanese syntactic phenomenon such as “point of view” and “case arrangement”. |
URI: | http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/247238 |
Appears in Collections: | 日本語文學系 |
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ntu-99-R96127005-1.pdf | 23.53 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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