臭氧及PM1/PM2.5/PM10氣懸微粒之暴露及健康風險評估─子計畫六：臭氧及PM1/PM2.5/PM10氣懸微粒之加成健康效應及風險評估(III)

Abstract

本研究使用時間系列追蹤研究設計，以探討 臭氧、氣懸微粒PM10/PM2.5 ，及二氧化氮對國小學 童肺功能之影響。本研究於2000 年秋季九天及 2001 年春季十三天進行，共有52 名古亭國小學童 參予，研究期間每天於早上學童到校後以及放學回 家前各作五次尖峰吐氣流量率(PEFR)之測量，並記 錄每天活動及呼吸道症狀。並以古亭國小裡環保署 空氣品質自動監測站數據作為暴露評估之依據。研 究期間的臭氧平均白天八小時濃度為28.33 ppb(最 大值為75.31 ppb)，PM10 與PM2.5 平均白天八小時 濃度分別為55.73 ìg/m 3 與33.86 ìg/m 3 。我們發現 前一天的臭氧平均及尖峰濃度會對學童當天早上 與下午的尖峰吐氣流量率造成下降的影響，當天臭 氧的平均及尖峰濃度會對學童當天下午的尖峰吐 氣流量率造成下降的影響。但我們並未發現氣懸微 粒PM10/PM2.5 及二氧化氮與學童尖峰吐氣流量率之間的相關性。

We assessed the contributions of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), NO2, and ozone concentrations to peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in 52 schoolchildren for 22 days during two periods in 2000 and 2001. We measured peak flow in the morning on children’s arrival at school and in the evening before departing from school. Air pollutant concentrations were obtained from the Taiwan EPA fixed-site air monitoring station. Mean daytime (8am-4pm) ozone concentration was 28.33 ppb (maximum=75.31 ppb), and mean daytime particulate level was 55.73 ìg/m 3 (maximum 162.45 ìg/m 3 ) for PM10 and 33.86ìg/m 3 (maximum 68.93 ìg/m 3 ) for PM2.5. We found a significant negative association between morning PEFR and pre-day mean daytime ozone concentrations(β-coefficient = -0.16; p=0.01 ), and evening PEFR and same-day (β-coefficient = -0.20; p=0.02 )and pre-day mean daytime ozone concentrations (β-coefficient = -0.17; p=0.04 ), after adjusted gender, height, symptom, season, temperature, and co-pollutants. But we were not able to demonstrate any association between daily PEFR and mean daytime PM10, PM2.5, and NO2.