從陶器型態分析看台灣中部地區營埔文化之形成與發展

Abstract

營埔文化為台灣中部新石器時代晚期代表文化，並以灰黑陶與特殊器物聞名，如繁複裝飾灰黑色陶罐、獸足鼎、豆、石刀、有肩石斧、有孔石鏃等。關於營埔文化的形成，過去常因其陶色、裝飾技法與牛罵頭文化不同，而被視為外來文化。但兩者間也有相似之處，因此營埔文化究竟為外來文化，或是由本土文化轉變而來，目前學界未有定論。而關於營埔文化的結束，因與後期的番仔園文化在測定年代上有重疊之處，學者對營埔文化實際的消失年代均有不同看法。這些歧異均來自於學界對於營埔文化本質定義上的不同。因此，欲探究營埔文化的起訖問題，實有必要回到營埔文化的內涵來討論。在確認營埔文化的定義後，方能與前後階段的文化作出區別，進而討論營埔文化的形成與發展。 本文嘗試以陶器類型學作為研究方法，對於過去被歸類於營埔文化的遺址出土陶器進行觀察，試圖從陶器的型態風格演變，找尋出社會文化變化過程，進而探索史前文化轉變的可能原因與所造成的影響。 透過營埔文化以降的陶器型態排列，發現過往學界雖認為牛罵頭文化與營埔文化有明顯差異，但在器形其實呈現諸多傳承之處。即營埔文化是在牛罵頭文化的基礎上所轉化而成；而番仔園文化的器形也與有營埔文化諸多相似之處，說明中部地區的史前文化之間並非斷裂式的改變，而更可能是一脈相承的演化過程。此外，營埔文化時期在中部地區廣泛出現的陶器，其裝飾要素、器型在廣域間具有明確的一致性，顯示人群共同信念的存在，這可能也暗示了營埔文化成形的原因。 本文對於台灣中部地區考古學進行陶器類型學分析，為文化的轉變過程提出物質上的證據，並使器物編年明朗化，可供未來相關研究參考。

Yin-Pu Culture is the representative of Late Neolithic in Central Taiwan. It is famous as Gray-black pottery and special artifacts, for example: Gray-black pottery with pattern, the pottery Ding with animal foot shape, the pottery Dou, Stone Knives, Shoulder-shape Stone Axes, Perforated Stone Arrows, and so on. About the Formation of Yin-Pu Culture. Yin-Pu Culture was regarded as the foreign culture by the different pottery color and the decoration with Niumatou culture. But both of them have some common ground in pottery. Therefore there is no Conclusive of the Yin-Pu Culture that it was foreign culture or translated by local Culture. About the End of the Yin-Pu Culture, the Chronology of Yin-Pu Culture and Fanziyuan Culture were overlapping. Scholars have different opinions to the Chronology about it.The Differences from the different definition of Yin-Pu Culture by Scholars. To understanding the formation and distribution of Yin-Pu Culture. It should review the core of Yin-Pu Culture, to identify with the other Cultures. This thesis attempts to use Ceramic Typology as a method to observe the Yin-Pu Culture’s ceramic.With the evolution of the style of ceramic patterns, find out the process of social and cultural change, then explore the impact of the possible causes and prehistoric cultural change caused. As the reason of the Pottery patterns arrangement, Although previous scholars found that the accused Niumatou culture and Yin-Pu Culture significantly different, but the shape is actually rendered many heritage place.That Yin-Pu Culture is based on the Niumatou culture; Fanziyuan Culture’s pottery shapes also have many similarities with Yin-Pu Culture. Description is not breaking style change between prehistoric cultures of the central region, and more likely to be the same strain evolution In addition, pottery of the Yin-Pu Culture period in the central region, its decorative elements type having a clear consistency between the wide area, showing the presence of the crowd common belief, this may also imply that the reason Yin-Pu Culture forming. The ceramic typology of central Taiwan was analyzed in the thesis. The result provided the evidence belongs to material aspect. The chronic of archaeological culture in central Taiwan also become clear after the analysis. It might become basement for revelant researches in the future.