https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/137800
標題: | 全球變遷-塔塔加高山生態系長期生態研究─森林土壤有機物分解、微生物生態、養分流動和土壤微生物基因體之研究(2/3) | 作者: | 楊盛行 | 關鍵字: | 森林土壤;微生物生態;土壤剖面;微生物生質;DNA含量;土壤DGGE 圖譜;Forest soil;microbial ecology;soil profile;microbial biomass;DNA content;soil DGGE profile | 公開日期: | 31-七月-2004 | 出版社: | 臺北市:國立臺灣大學生化科技學系 | 摘要: | 本研究為探討不同海拔森林土壤微生物生態及微生物於森林土壤有機物分 解和養分流動所擔任的角色,選定高海拔塔塔加森林區和低海拔福山森林區,測 定溫度及日照等環境條件,水分含量、pH值、總有機碳、總氮、C/N比和灰分等 土壤性質,總菌、放線菌、真菌、纖維素分解菌、溶磷菌和固氮菌含量、微生物 生質碳、微生物生質氮含量、萃取純化土壤DNA,比較其含量和微生物含量間之 關係,同時以DGGE比較不同季節、林相和海拔對微生物生態之影響。結果發現 塔塔加雲杉區水分含量50.38-63.30 %、pH值4.41-4.49、總有機碳含量 12.11-27.17 %,總氮含量0.59-1.32 %、碳氮比19.65-21.33 和灰分為36.15-75.87 %;鐵杉區土 壤水分含量33.74-70.99 %、pH值3.83-4.09、總有機碳含量 12.86-35.93 %、總氮 含量0.21-1.34 %、碳氮比12.98-46.93和灰分為11.52-90.26 %。草原區土壤水分含 量36.21-46.17 %、pH值4.18-4.48、總有機碳含量7.05-15.31 %、總氮含量0.24-0.53 %、C/N比29.19-38.98和灰分為76.65-90.79 %。微生物生態方面,雲杉區每克乾重 土壤含總菌數2.69×106-2.39×l07 CFU、放線菌 2.00×103-1.70×104 CFU、真菌 1.30×105-5.81×105 CFU 、纖維素分解菌 3.04×104- 1.86×105 CFU 、溶磷菌 9.64×104-4.46×105 CFU 、固氮菌 1.65×104-8.12×104 CFU 、微生物生質碳 783.52-1182.73 µg-C、微生物生質氮 93.42-166.36 µg-N和核酸含量11.12-44.65 μ g 。鐵杉林每克乾重土壤含總菌數 3.35×105-1.74×l06 CFU 、放線菌 5.35×102-3.36×104 CFU、真菌1.68×103-1.19 ×104 CFU、纖維素分解菌1.25×104- 2.57×105 CFU、溶磷菌8.83×104-3.33×105 CFU、固氮菌1.34×104-6.78×104 CFU、微 生物生質碳557.27-933.54 μg-C、微生物生質氮 71.23-145.85 μg-N和核酸含量 11.29-45.98 μg。草原區每克乾重土壤含總菌數 1.61×105-2.21×l06 CFU、放線菌 1.59×103-5.79×103 CFU 、真菌2.31×104-1.14×105 CFU 、纖維素分解菌 8.17×103-4.49×104 CFU、溶磷菌1.37×105-3.34×105 CFU、固氮菌1.08×104-7.13×104 CFU、微生物生質碳425.93-886.35 µg-C、微生物生質氮 63.82-133.28 µg-N和核酸 含量8.32-38.49 µg。福山溪谷區土壤水分含量18.79-21.09 %、pH值5.23-5.43、總有機碳含量 2.09-3.33 %、總氮含量0.21-0.27 %和碳氮比10.88-19.01。中坡區土壤水分含量 33.05-52.30 %、pH值4.24-4.43、總有機碳含量5.08-11.43 %、總氮含量0.28-0.47 % 和碳氮比11.25-22.58。稜線區土壤水分含量44.71-49.58 %、pH值4.06-4.34、總有 機碳含量10.13-11.13 %、總氮含量0.30-0.45 % 和碳氮比23.99-26.29。微生物生態 方面, 每克乾重溪谷土壤含總菌數1.59×107-1.68×l07 CFU 、放線菌 2.10×103-1.40×104 CFU、真菌1.42×105-2.17×105 CFU、纖維素分解菌 1.82×106- 3.47×106 CFU、溶磷菌3.20×104-1.04×105 CFU、固氮菌 1.73×105-1.95×105 CFU、 微生物生質碳196.84-375.28 μg-C、微生物生質氮 113.42-189.04 μg-N和核酸含 量2.87-26.81 µg。中坡區每克乾重土壤含總菌數 3.23×106-7.32×l07 CFU、放線菌 2.27×103-9.75×103 CFU、真菌5.64×104-4.53×105 CFU、纖維素分解菌2.88×105- 1.07×106 CFU、溶磷菌4.07×104-1.86×105 CFU、固氮菌2.03×105-6.22×105 CFU、微 生物生質碳117.93-427.58 μg-C、微生物生質氮 45.38-228.96 μg-N和核酸含量 3.21-31.46 µg。稜線區每克乾重土壤含總菌數 3.15×106-6.82×l07 CFU、放線菌 6.68×102-3.63×103 CFU、真菌4.00×104-2.13×105 CFU、纖維素分解菌1.68×106- 2.43×106 CFU、溶磷菌7.00×104-1.97×105 CFU、固氮菌5.45×105-1.29×106 CFU、微 生物生質碳243.14-526.37 µg-C、微生物生質氮 60.84-264.80 µg-N和核酸含量 3.45-38.49 µg。塔塔加草原和福山稜線土壤剖面之 pH值皆上層最低,總有機碳和 總氮含量皆最上層O層最高,C/N 則Oa層最低,O層最高。至於微生物含量,其 數目皆隨深度之增加而減少。塔塔加草原土壤剖面總菌數減少88.23-91.65 %、放 線菌72.67-92.38 %、真菌69.36-96.56 %、纖維素分解菌 56.21-89.41 %、溶磷菌 75.63-83.84 % 和固氮菌59.17-89.93 %。土壤DNA萃取與純化方面選用改良式 Krsek’s方法用來萃取森林土壤DNA;其中Lysis時間延長,添加 AlK(SO4)2 50 mM、PVPP 1g/ml 前處理,且利用2 % PVP切膠進行後處理處理。從福山森林土 壤DGGE 圖譜研究發現三區微生物族群分佈類似,但數量以有機層較大,下層較 低,溪谷在多樣性或數量皆表現較低。 To investigate the effect of attitude on microbial ecology of forest soils and the role of microbes on the organic matter decomposition and nutritional flow, Tatachia and Fu-Shan forests were chosen. Environment conditions of atmospheric and soil temperatures, light intensity, soil properties of moisture content, pH, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and C/N ratio and populations of total count, actinomycetes, fungi, cellulolytic microbes, phosphate-solubilizing microbes and nitrogen-fixing microbes were measured during the past year. In addition, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and DNA content were also studied. In the case of Tatachia forest, Spruce soil had moisture content 50.38-63.30 %, pH 4.41-4.49, total organic carbon 12.11-27.17 %, total nitrogen 0.59-1.32 %, C/N ratio 19.65-21.33 and ash content 36.15-75.87 %; Hemlock soil had moisture content 33.74-70.99 %, pH 3.83-4.09, total organic carbon 12.86-35.93 %, total nitrogen 0.21-1.34 %, C/N ratio 12.98-46.93 and ash content 11.52-90.26 %; grassland soil had moisture content 36.21-46.17 %, pH 4.18-4.48, total organic carbon 7.05-15.31 %, total nitrogen 0.24-0.53 %, C/N ratio 29.19-38.98 and ash content 76.65-90.79 %. In microbial ecology, each gram of dry Spruce soil contained total microbes 2.69×106-2.39×l07 CFU, actinomycetes 2.00×103-1.70×104 CFU, fungi 1.30×105-5.81×105 CFU, cellulolytic microbes 3.04×104-1.86×105 CFU, phosphate-solubilizing microbes 9.64×104-4.46×105 CFU, nitrogen-fixing microbes 1.65×104-8.12×104 CFU, microbial biomass carbon 783.52-1,182.73 µg-C, microbial biomass nitrogen 93.42-166.36 µg-N and DNA 11.12-44.65 µg. Each gram of dry Hemlock soil had total microbes 3.35×105-1.74×l06 CFU, actinomycetes 5.35×102-2.36×104 CFU, fungi 1.68×103- 1.19×104 CFU, cellulolytic microbes 1.25×104-2.57×105 CFU, phosphate-solubilizing microbes 8.83×104-3.33×105 CFU, nitrogen-fixing microbes 1.34×104-6.78×104 CFU, microbial biomass carbon 557.27-933.54 µg-C, microbial biomass nitrogen 71.23- 145.85 μg-N and DNA 11.29-45.98 µg. Each gram of dry grassland soil comprised total microbes 1.61×105-2.21×l06 CFU, actinomycetes 1.59×103-5.79×103 CFU, fungi 2.31×104-1.14×105 CFU, cellulolytic microbes 8.17×103-4.49×104 CFU, phosphatesolubilizing microbes 1.37×105-3.34×105 CFU, nitrogen-fixing microbes 1.08×104- 7.13×104 CFU, microbial biomass carbon 425.93-886.35 µg-C, microbial biomass nitrogen 63.82-133.28 µg-N and DNA 8.32-38.49 µg. In the case of Fu-Shan forest, valley soil had moisture content 18.79-21.09 %, pH 5.23-5.43, total organic carbon 2.09-3.33 %, total nitrogen 0.21-0.27 % and C/N ratio 10.88-19.01; middle slope soil had moisture content 33.05-52.30 %, pH 4.24-4.43, total organic carbon 5.08-11.43 %, total nitrogen 0.28-0.47 % and C/N ratio 11.25-22.58, ridge soil had moisture content 44.71-49.58 %, pH 4.06-4.34, total organic carbon 10.13-11.13 %, total nitrogen 0.30-0.45 % and C/N ratio 23.99-26.29. In the microbial populations, each gram of valley soil contained total microbes 1.59×107-1.68×l07 CFU, actinomycetes 2.10×103-1.40×104 CFU, fungi 1.42×105- 2.17×105 CFU, cellulolytic microbes 1.82×106-3.47×106 CFU, phosphate-solubilizing microbes 3.20×104-1.04×105 CFU, nitrogen-fixing microbes 1.73×105-1.95×105 CFU, microbial biomass carbon 196.84-375.28 µg-C, microbial biomass nitrogen 113.42- 189.04 µg-N and DNA 2.87-26.81µg. Each gram of middle slope soil had total microbes 3.23×106-7.32×l07 CFU, actinomycetes 2.27×103-9.75×103 CFU, fungi 5.64×104-4.53×105 CFU, cellulolytic microbes 2.88×105-1.07×106 CFU, phosphatesolubilizing microbes 4.07×104-1.86×105 CFU, nitrogen-fixing microbes 2.03×105- 6.22×105 CFU, microbial biomass carbon 117.93-427.58 µg-C, microbial biomass nitrogen 45.38-228.96 µg-N and DNA 3.21-31.46 µg. Each gram of ridge soil comprised total microbes 3.15×106-6.82×l07 CFU, actinomycetes 6.68×102-3.63×103 CFU, fungi 4.00×104-2.13×105 CFU, cellulolytic microbes 1.68×106-2.43×106 CFU, phosphate-solubilizing microbes 7.00×104-1.97×105 CFU, nitrogen-fixing microbes 5.45×105-1.29×106 CFU, microbial biomass carbon 243.14-526.37 µg-C, microbial biomass nitrogen 60.84-264.80 µg-N and DNA 3.45-38.49 µg. In the soil profiles of Tatachia grassland and Fu-Shan ridge soil, the pH was low at the topsoil, while total organic carbon and total nitrogen were reversed and had high values at the topsoil. In the case of microbial populations, the number decreased with the increasing of soil depth. The populations at the bottom horizon decreased 88.23-91.65 %, 72.67-92.38 %, 69.36-96.56 %, 56.21-89.41 %, 75.63-83.84 % and 59.17-89.93 % as the top horizon in total microbes, actinomycetes, fungi, cellulolytic microbes, phosphate-solubilizing microbes, and nitrogen-fixing microbes, respectively. In the forest soil DNA extraction and purification, the modified Krsek’s methods by extending Lysis time, adding AlK(SO4)2, PVPP as pre-washed treatment and PVP gel exciding was used. In the DGGE profile of Fu-Shan forest soil, the three sampling sites had similar soil microbial populations. The organic layer had the highest microbial populations, topsoil was the next, and subsoil had the less. The valley soil had the less microbial diversity and the microbial populations was the lowest. |
URI: | http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/10225 | 其他識別: | 922621B002003 | Rights: | 國立臺灣大學生化科技學系 |
顯示於: | 生化科技學系 |
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