臺灣三種性論述中壓抑與反壓抑的兩難

Abstract

本研究在執行過程中發現，原計畫中 所稱之「壓抑」，必須進一步區分為兩種 不同的東西，即內在的潛抑和外在的壓 制。Freud 始終未能清楚分開這兩個概念； 雖然他偶而會用suppression 來指稱後者， 但大抵而言，他傾向於用repression 一個 字攏統涵蓋兩者。這概念上的混淆造成精 神分析理論相當程度上的麻煩，以及此概 念在實際運用（例如各種「反壓抑」行動） 把潛抑和壓制的機制及互動關係釐清 之後，本研究發現，現有兩性關係的困境 在於：兩性相對而言，男性發展出太強的 潛抑，但承受太弱的壓制，而女性則沒有 機會發展足夠強固的潛抑，但卻承受過多 根據以上的發現，本研究嘗試提出改 善兩性關係的基本法則：一方面弱化男性 的潛抑，但加重其所承受之壓制，另一方 面強化女性的潛抑，但減輕其所承受之壓 制。在實際執行的層面，以上的調整意味 著弱化（整體）男性的權威與再現，但強 化（整體）女性的權威與再現。 本研究發現，當今世界各國制度中， 以北歐各國──尤其是瑞典──的做法最 符合前述法則，而這也是公認兩性最平 等、女性地位最高的地區，這可以證明前 述理論架構的可靠性。因此，本研究嘗試 拿瑞典為具體範例，作為分析我國當前有 關性與身體之法律及修法、立法主張的參 考。 以上的部份，本研究獲致還算令人滿 意的成果，但是，對於原計畫中所希望涵 蓋的性教育與通俗性文化論述的分析，則 由於時間不足，而暫時未予執行。

During the process of executing this project, it is found that the project’s central concept, repression, is composed of two different things: repression, which is what Freud expounds upon in “Repression,” “The Unconscious,” and The Interpretation of Dreams, and suppression, which is what Freud complains about in “’Civilized’ Sexual Morality and Modern Nervous Illness” and which is principally an external force. On the whole, Freud tends to lump the two concepts together under the term of “repression.” This confusion seems to be the root of the oversimplification characterizing some of the popular applications of Freudian theory (e.g., the various anti-repression movements). After clearing up the mechanisms of repression and of suppression, as well as the interaction between them, it is found that the present predicament of the relationship between the two sexes results from this fact: the man has been led to develop an excessively strong repression while the suppression that is imposed on him is comparatively weak; on the other hand, the woman does not have the chance to evolve a repression that is sufficiently strong while she is burdened with relentless and manifold suppression. Equipped with the foregoing findings and related knowledge, efforts are made to formulate guidelines for reforming the relationship between the sexes: on the one hand, male repression should be weakened while the suppression he is subjected to should be increased; on the other hand, female repression should be strengthened while the suppression that is forced on her should be greatly alleviated. This means that, as a whole, male authority and male representation should be weakened while female authority and female representation should be strengthened. Among the countries in the world, the Scandinavian ones, especially Sweden, have laws and policies that are most in accordance with the foregoing guidelines; this proves the latter’s validity. Therefore, Sweden is used as a paradigm in the following analyses of the current laws and the drafts for new laws in our country concerning sexuality and the body. Analysis of the formal and the popular or informal discourses of sex education, which the project has promised to undertake in addition to that of the legal discourses, have not been executed owing to lack of time.