A Novel Six-Rhodopsin System in a Single Archaeon
Resource
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, 192(22), 5866-5873
Journal
Journal of Bacteriology
Journal Volume
192
Journal Issue
22
Pages
5866-5873
Date Issued
2010
Date
2010
Author(s)
Fu, Hsu-Yuan
Abstract
Microbial rhodopsins, a diverse group of photoactive proteins found in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, function in photosensing and photoenergy harvesting and may have been present in the resource-limited early global environment. Four different physiological functions have been identified and characterized for nearly 5,000 retinal-binding photoreceptors, these being ion transporters that transport proton or chloride and sensory rhodopsins that mediate light-attractant and/or -repellent responses. The greatest number of rhodopsins previously observed in a single archaeon had been four. Here, we report a newly discovered sixrhodopsin system in a single archaeon, Haloarcula marismortui, which shows a more diverse absorbance spectral distribution than any previously known rhodopsin system, and, for the first time, two light-driven proton transporters that respond to the same wavelength. All six rhodopsins, the greatest number ever identified in a single archaeon, were first shown to be expressed in H. marismortui, and these were then overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The proteins were purified for absorption spectra and photocycle determination, followed by measurement of ion transportation and phototaxis. The results clearly indicate the existence of a proton transporter system with two isochromatic rhodopsins and a new type of sensory rhodopsin-like transducer in H. marismortui. Copyright © 2010, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Other Subjects
genomic DNA; opsin; rhodopsin; archaebacterium; article; Escherichia coli; gene overexpression; Haloarcula marismortui; ion transport; light; molecular cloning; nonhuman; photolysis; phototaxis; priority journal; protein expression; protein purification; proton transport; sequence analysis; spectral sensitivity; Archaeal Proteins; Biological Transport; Cloning, Molecular; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Haloarcula marismortui; Light; Movement; Recombinant Proteins; Rhodopsin; Spectrum Analysis; Archaea; Escherichia coli; Eukaryota; Haloarcula marismortui
Type
journal article
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