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  4. 新世紀的喬伊斯:政治、文本、倫理─感官新樂園:從《尤利西斯》看身體政治與慾望經濟
 
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新世紀的喬伊斯:政治、文本、倫理─感官新樂園:從《尤利西斯》看身體政治與慾望經濟

Date Issued
2004-01-31
Date
2004-01-31
Author(s)
黃宗慧  
DOI
912411H002045B13
URI
http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/29371
Abstract
The circular path of giving-in-order-to-get-back revealed by Joyce’s texts, to a certain extent, justifies what Jacques Derrida has said on gifts: the simple intention to give suffices to annul the very concept of the gift, for the donor’s intention to pay himself with symbolic recognition, to praise himself, to approve of himself, to gratify himself with some sort of symbolic equivalent, has already defied the spirit of the gift, which is not supposed to get anything in return. The gift economy laid bare by Joyce is also in tune with Pierre Bourdieu’s analysis of gift exchange; namely, it is the collectively maintained and approved self-deception that makes us assume gifts as free from any ulterior motives. Instead of using Joyce’s texts to demonstrate the cogency of Derrida and Bourdieu’s theories, my project probes into the gift economy Joyce presents from the following aspects: If the gift is “the impossible” for Derrida as it always returns something to the donor rather than reaches the donee in a unilateral way, does Joyce’s gift economy imply similar ideas? If Joyce’s texts deconstruct the gift economy by showing how it is far from being disinterested, has Joyce offered any reason to account for the calculative dimension of gift-giving? Moreover, if the circular structure of economy necessitates the return of the gift to its donor, does the gift always reach this destination and thus nullify itself? According to my exploration, I find that Joyce has not demolished the gift economy altogether by comparing gift-giving to self-congratulatory beneficence or usurious calculation of advantage, for he depicts Leopold Bloom as one who is willing to help the needy, one who generously spends the majority of his money on gifts during the Bloomsday. Though Bloom’s acts of giving are not free of self-interest, Joyce’s presentation of the gift economy does not so much frustrate our expectation of genuine generosity as enables us to recognize the reason why gifts can hardly be disinterested: it is because the gift is invested with the donor’s desire, specifically the desire to redraw the boundaries between the recipient and himself that the act of giving is not immune from calculation. As Mary Douglas suggests, “if we persist in thinking that gifts ought to be free and pure, we will always fail to recognize our own grand cycles of exchanges, which categories get to be included and which get to be excluded from our hospitality.” In other words, more profound insights into calculation and generosity can be expected if we penetrate how the motion of the gift economy is affected and even propelled by the economy of desire. Thus, in addition to laying bare how the gift economy presented by Joyce is far from being disinterested, my project dwells on the relation between gift-giving and desire so as to grasp the intricate mechanism of the intersubjective economy.
Subjects
James Joyce
economy of desire
acts of giving
gift
Publisher
臺北市:國立臺灣大學外國語文學系暨研究所
Type
report
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