https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/14551
標題: | 邊緣再思:文化、傷痛、再現─惡與真實:後現代的轉折(2/3) | 作者: | 廖朝陽 | 關鍵字: | 惡;真實;主體;不可譯性;創傷;快感原則;evil;the real;subjectivity;untranslatability;trauma;pleasure principle | 公開日期: | 31-十月-2004 | 出版社: | 臺北市:國立臺灣大學外國語文學系暨研究所 | 摘要: | 本年度已完成的主要工作在於理論建構部份。惡與真實的主要問題是:按 拉康派精神分析對佛洛伊德主體論的解釋,分析工作的大方向雖然是追求主體 真實的呈現與接納,但一旦主體「穿越幻見」,必須接受自己的無意識核心,這 個核心仍然是一個「根本幻見」。真實與幻見既然具有比較複雜的關係,一旦無 意識核心成為「惡」的來源,精神分析工作就有為惡背書的倫理學危機。拉康 在第七個講座「精神分析的倫理」中處理這個問題,為我們提供了初步的理論 提示 (Lacan 1992)。一開始他就引用佛洛伊德的「前精神分析」著作《科學心 理學芻議》(Freud 1966),通過三大神經系統(ψ, φ, ω)的區分來說明快感原則 之外存在真實的快感,雖然看似要以快感為道德的根基,其實正是要確立真實 快感屬於另一系統,不可等同於續發過程的快感。由三大神經系統的區分出 發,本計畫將由兩個方向探討拉康理論對文學與文化研究產生的意義。一是所 謂「結構性創傷」與真實快感的關係:透過創傷與倫理的糾葛,易於由主題、 政治性入手,將精神分析主體倫理的立場導入文學及文化研究。其次,佛洛伊 德的ψ 系統與φ 系統之分也可以關連到翻譯理論裡可譯性、不可譯性的問題, 從而與班雅民的語言理論互相印證,附帶結合文化研究與翻譯研究,形成新的 思考方向。目前尚須究明者應在佛洛伊德的中介系統 (ω) 對創傷理論、精神分 析倫理的意義何在?其中涉及由量(神經系統的負載)轉質的機制(快感與道 德的共同基礎)是否能在不可譯性的理論中找到可以互相比擬的部份?當這部 份有初步解答出來,就可以進行數篇相關論文的寫作。 Work in this year’s project has been primarily focused on the construction of a theoretical scheme. We begin with the main problematic linking evil and the real: According to the theory of the subject presented in the Lacanian elaboration of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, analysis, while seeking to bring the subject into closer acquaintance with what is “real,” has to face the moment when the “traversing of fantasy” has taken place and the subject has reached the kernel of the unconscious, but this very kernel is found to be without the certitude usually associated with reality but in essence a “fundamental fantasy.” In other words, the real and the fantasized are not simple antitheses but are paradoxically both linked and opposed. Hence the ethical aporia faced by psychoanalysis when the “kernel” of the unconscious takes the form of an instigator of evil and may have to be pronounced to be without blame and without a viable solution. Lacan deals with this problem in his seventh seminar, The Ethics of Psychoanalysis (1992), which provides us with a preliminary framework. Here Lacan begins his seminar by referring to Freud’s “pre-psychoanalytic” work, the Project for a Scientific Psychology (1966), using what Freud proposed as the three neuronal systems (φ, ψ, and ω) to establish the existence, “beyond the pleasure principle,” of pleasure in the real (jouissance). This move may strike one as an attempt to situate the moral in blind pleasure, but a closer look reveals the other side of the coin: The Lacanian short circuiting pleasure and good also sets up a dividing line between ψ system and φ system, primary process and secondary process, pleasure per se and pleasure beyond pleasure. Returning, with Lacan, to the Freudian elaboration of the tripartite organization of neurons, the present project takes up two related issues to pursue cross fertilization and to open up Lacanian theory for the study of literature and culture. First, it will be most important to expound the close connections between “structural trauma” and jouissance. The study of trauma has often been associated with ethical pitfalls, which are precisely indicative of the aptness of the psychoanalytic position in the study of thematics and politics in literary and cultural productions invested with similar ethical interest. Second, the division between ψ system and φ system is strongly reminiscent of the strange demarcating line between translatability and untranslatability in translation studies, which would lead us to a consideration of Walter Benjamin’s theory of language and translation. This appeal to Benjamin may provide fresh insights for both sides and point to a way to bring cultural studies and translation studies into better alignment. |
URI: | http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/29377 | 其他識別: | 922411H002014BG | Rights: | 國立臺灣大學外國語文學系暨研究所 |
顯示於: | 外國語文學系 |
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922411H002014BG.pdf | 87.84 kB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
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