The Relationship between Self Efficacy, Social Support and Self-Care Behaviors in Diabetes Mellitus Patients

本研究的目的在探討門診糖尿病病人的自我效能、社會支持、居家自我照顧行為與血 糖控制情況，以及與自我照顧行為有關的重要變項。樣本來自某醫學中心門診糖尿病 息者共66名，採橫斷式調查研究法進行。結果發現：（1）53％的患者體重太重或肥 胖，68.2％的患者患有其他慢性病，87.9％的息者曾接受有關糖尿病的衛生教育。（ 2）定期檢驗血糖及規律用藥是研究對象自我效能最高，也是最能做到的項目；飲食 節制及規律運動的自我效能得分最低，也正是個案最不能做到的項目。（3）年齡、 教育程度、罹患糖尿病年數、糖尿病治療方式等個人屬性會影響自我照顧行為。（4 ）特定的自我效能，與相對應的自我照顧行為均呈顯著正相關，這樣的結果印證了 Bandura所官：當個人對執行某項行為的自我效能愈強，愈會去執行該項行為。（5） 社會支持與自我照顧行為無顯著相關。（6）定期檢驗血糖及飲食自我照顧行為與血 糖控制呈顯著正相關。（7）自我效能是預測及解釋自我照顧行為的最強變項。 The purposes of this study were to investigate the self-efficacy, social support and self- care behaviors, and variables significantly associated with self-care practices. A total of 66 DM patients who attended the medical clinic as outpatients were interviewed by a questionnaire. The cross - sectional survey method was used. The findings were as follows: (1 ) Subjects of the study showed that 53% were overweight or obese, 68.2% had other kinds of chronic diseases, 87.9% had obtained health education about DM. (2) Subjects had the highest scores in self-efficacy of glucose testing and taking medicine. Also subjects had the highest scores in self- care behavior of glucose testing and taking medicine regularly. Subjects had the lowest scores in self-efficacy of diet control and regular exercise. Also subjects had the lowest scores in self-care behavior of diet control and taking exercise regularly. (3) Self- care practices were related to age, education, duration of DM, treatment of DM. (4) Specific items in self-efficacy were significantly correlated with corresponding items in self-care behaviors. Those results are consistent with Bandura's theory: people tend to avoid tasks they believe exceed their capabilities, but perform activities they judge themselves capable of handling. (5) Social support had no relationship with self- care behaviors . (6) Glucose testing and diet control behaviors were significantly associated with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c ) level. (7) Self- efficacy was the strongest predictor of self- care behaviors.