Re-Education Need of School Nurses for Care of the Asthma Children

氣喘是校園中最常見之兒童慢性疾病，氣喘學童在校園中的日常症狀監測與用藥，乃 至於緊急症狀處置，實有賴於學校護理人員有效地提供日常及緊急照護。本研究旨在 瞭解學校護理人員對兒童氣喘的知識、照顧經驗及其影響因素，以瞭解學校護士對氣 喘照護之再教育需求。資料蒐集乃以隨機取樣選取台北地區60名服務於中小學及大專 學校的護理人員，以不記名方式評估分析其20題三方面之氣喘知識：氣喘特性與症狀 、氣喘藥物與治療、氣喘監測與處置。結果顯示學校護理人員對氣喘特性與症狀之知 識程度最佳，但對氣喘監測與處置之知識程度最差。氣喘知識和校護之學校服務年資 呈負相關，其中年資和整體氣喘知識（r=-0.38,p<0.05）及氣喘特性與症狀（r=-0. 36,p<0.05）達顯著負相關。校護於不同階段年資間的氣喘知識（F=3.70,P<0. 05） ，與服務於不同層級學校間的氣喘知識（F=3.38,P<0.05）呈顯著差異。迴歸分析顯 示，學校護理人員的年資越淺、過敏史越長，氣喘知識越好，此二變項可以解釋整體 氣喘知識全部變異量的49.2%。本研究結果建議增強學校護理人員有關氣喘兒童照護 之職前與繼續教育，俾使學校護理人員有充分的氣喘知識背景與獨立判斷的緊急應變 能力，以提升氣喘兒童於學校中的照護品質。 Asthma is the most common chronic disease of children in schools. Symptom monitoring, medication use and urgent symptom management mostly rely on school health care nurses to provide both daily and urgent care approaches. This study aims at measuring the asthma knowledge, asthma care experiences, and the contributing factors with respect to asthma knowledge to explore the re- education need of the school health care nurse. Data was randomly and anonymously collected from 60 school nurses who worked in elementary, middle, high schools and colleges. 20-item "Asthma Knowledge Scale" consisted of three subscales:characteristics of asthma, medication administration and symptom assessment/urgent treatment. The findings showed a good knowledge level of the characteristics of asthma but poor knowledge of symptom assessment/urgent treatment. Asthma knowledge was negatively correlated with the school nurses' length of service(r=-.38 ,p< .05). There were significant differences in asthma knowledge according to years of services(F=3.70,p<.05)and the type of school(F=3.38,p<.05). The regression analysis showed that the shorter the years of school service and the longer the experience of allergy that the school nurses had, the better asthma knowledge they attained. These variables explained 49.2% of the total variance. Improvements to the quality of care of children with asthma and the management capability of school nurses as well as the pre- service and in-service education program related to children with asthma are discussed.