Asthma Experience and Management Program for Preschoolers

Abstract

目標：介紹兒童氣喘特性並陳述可行的幼稚園氣喘管理計劃及執行策略，冀能增進衛 生專業人員對幼稚園氣喘照護的瞭解及執行效能。方法：藉由網際網路來進行系統性 文獻搜尋方式，彙集1987年至2002年資料庫並配合筆者之實務經驗，來陳述幼稚園學 童氣喘管理計劃與執行內容。結果：環境控制、藥物治療、肺功能監測及病人教育等 四方面是氣喘兒童照護之重要內涵。完善的幼稚園氣喘兒童健康管理宜包括：建立學 童醫療記錄、確保患童容易獲得氣喘藥物、協助學生避免或控制氣喘的誘發因子、確 立急性發作或氣喘惡化的處理流程。結論：台灣目前的兒童氣喘發病年齡有逐年下降 的趨勢，需整合健康專業系統、幼教系統及家庭，建立完整的幼稚園氣喘管理機制， 俾使廣大族群的氣喘幼童獲得更完整的醫療照護。 Objectives: To introduce the characteristics of asthma and propose feasible asthma management programs and strategies for enhancing the knowledge and management efficacy of asthma care of preschoolers among health professionals. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the documents published at websites from 1987 to 2002, to integrate the empirical experience of asthma care practices and to propose asthma management programs and strategies. Results: Environmental control, pharmacological approach, pulmonary function evaluation and patient education are the essential components of asthma care for children. A comprehensive asthma management program should include establishing the medical record in school, ascertaining the accessible asthma medicine, avoiding or controlling the triggers of asthma, and regulating the management protocol of urgent episodes or exacerbations. Conclusion: Since the age of children suffering from asthma is declining yearly, the collaboration of health care professionals, preschool education system and family is emphasized to establish a comprehensive asthma management program for enhancing the quality of care for preschoolers with asthma.