台灣歌仔戲歷史建構計畫之（I）──戰後初期歌仔戲劇團研究

Abstract

歌仔戲發展至今約百年。從「戲劇史」建構的角度來看，劇團資料的確立 和串連，是重建百年歌仔戲歷史場景的首要工作。日據時期第一批劇團資料多 已湮沒，只有少數書籍和報章雜誌略見提及。然而，比起其他年代古老悠久的 劇種，此時追蹤歌仔戲劇團資料，並不算太晚。 透過劇團資料的建立，將可同時回溯過去的「演員」、「劇目」、「組織營運」 和「劇場」，從而建構戲劇發展的「歷史」。 本計畫預以三年為期，完成「台灣歌仔戲劇團」研究，而以「戰後初期」 （1945-1961）做起點。係因「戰後初期」為台灣歌仔戲的黃金時代，且目前 在世知名中、老年藝人，多為戰後初期歌仔戲劇壇菁英，尚能詳述當時情狀。 若能掌握這一時期的劇團和劇場，則上可追溯其父母輩，亦即日據時期劇場情 況；下可與歌仔戲出外台後的發展相銜接。台灣歌仔戲的歷史，將可以在既有 劇團資料的重建下，落實在具體的實質上，而不只是學理的推演而已。本計畫 將具體勾勒戰後初期歌仔戲劇場風雲。 本計畫預計將完成台灣戰後初期歌仔戲劇團小史、台灣戰後初期歌仔戲重 要人員資料，台灣戰後初期的劇場發展勾勒等，為台灣歌仔戲歷史研究的重要 工作。亦為本人台灣歌仔戲歷史建構之第一階段基礎工作。

Taiwanese opera has developed for about a century so far. From the viewpoint of composing “theater historiography”, establishing and joining the data of troupes is the primary job of reconstructing the one-hundred-year history of Taiwanese opera. Documents on the earliest troupes, which are slightly mentioned in only a few books and newspapers, have nearly vanished. Compared with other ancient types of drama, however, tracking the materials of Taiwanese opera at this time is still not too late. By establishing the data of the troupes, we can trace “the actor/actress”, “the repertoire”, “the organization and its management”, and “the theater” in the past, and thus construct the “history” of its development. The project is planned to complete the research of “Taiwanese opera troupes”in three years, beginning with “the initial postwar stage”, for it’s the golden age of Taiwanese opera, and most of the well-known senior artists are the elite of this period and can dilate on the theatrical conditions of the time. If we can command the troupes and theater of the initial postwar generation, we can also trace back to that of their parents, namely, the theater under the colonization of Japan, and can connect it with the subsequent development of the outdoor Taiwanese opera. The history of Taiwanese opera can therefore build on a substantial foundation instead of merely the speculation derived from theories. The project will further divide Taiwan into four areas: the north, the center, the south and the east, outlining the theatrical state of Taiwanese opera in the four divisions in the early postwar period. The objectives of the project are to accomplish the brief biography of Taiwanese opera troupes, the data of the related notabilities, and the contour of the theatrical development in the initial postwar phase, all of which are important tasks of historical research, and also the fundamental works of my constructing the history of Taiwanese opera.