都市雨水下水道即時控制系統之研究

Abstract

都市下水道系統乃是現代化都市基礎建設之一環。下水道系統可分為合流式與分流式 等不同形式，合流式下水道系統乃是將污水與雨水以單一管路排除，分流式下水道系統則 將污水與雨水分別由不同之管路排除。有研究指出，異常暴雨發生時下水道系統之效能常 未能充分發揮，所以容易造成都市內水積淹。因此，一些先進國家對於都市下水道系統乃 開始採即時控制(real time control)方式，以期在暴雨來襲時使得下水道系統之效能得以充分 發揮。 本研究以台北市第一分區六館抽水站系統為研究案例，評估都市雨水下水道實施即時 控制的效能。為了達到雨水下水道即時控制之模擬，本研究應用多執行緒技術(multi-thread technology)將美國環保署所發展的暴雨管理模式(Strom Water Management Model，簡稱 SWMM)與GAlib 的基因演算法模式整合在一起，進行即時控制之模擬。模擬結果顯示，於 研究案例區實施即時控制確實能使抽水站下游人孔的溢流歷線有降低的趨勢，同時使得人 孔水位保持在滿水位的狀態。

Urban drainage systems are the most fundamental facilities in modern developed cities. There are two types of sewer systems in urban drainage systems: combined and separated. The waste water and the runoff caused by rain are drained in a single tunnel or pipe in the combined sewer systems; while the separated sewer systems use two separate systems of tunnels or pipes to drain waste water and runoff respectively. It has been indicated by many researchers that the performance of the sewer systems often can not reach its designed capacity when rainfall with larger return periods occurs. In the developed nations, real time control sewer systems are therefore applied to make the sewer systems more efficient for inundation caused by heavy rainfalls. This research uses the Liu-Kang drainage system of the 1st drainage area of Taipei City in the case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of applying real-time control (RTC) in Taiwan’s urban drainage systems. For the purpose of RTC simulation, the multi-thread technology is employed to integrate the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), developed by US EPA, and a genetic algorithm library, called GAlib, to simulate RTC in the Liu-Kang system. The simulated results show that the overflow hydrograph with reductive tendency at manhole near the pumping station under RTC and the water depth is kept at nearly to maximum.