氣囊式緩衝包裝系統之分析與設計

Abstract

多數產品由製造到使用者手中，都必須承受某種程度的搬運與輸送，期間必須透過包裝系統以緩和物流期間外界輸入之衝擊力。由於在包裝系統各項評估試驗中，以落下所造成的衝擊最為劇烈，故本研究以氣囊式緩衝包裝系統的落下試驗與數值模擬加入能量損失考量，用以評估緩衝包材之功效，取代傳統試誤法的包裝系統設計方式。 本文旨在透過試驗和數值模擬了解氣囊式緩衝包材在掉落測試實驗中的行為，並用以評估其包裝效果；同時比較不同包材設計條件對掉落衝擊行為的影響，考量不同充氣壓力、氣囊式緩衝包材的管徑變化以及不同的氣囊式緩衝包材薄膜材料所帶來的緩衝效果。文獻上對於包裝系統設計的相關研究多忽略其落下過程中包材的能量損失，以簡化數值分析。但本研究在試驗中發現能量損失具有一定程度之影響，故本文將能量損失的部分一併放入數值模擬中，以加強模擬的準確度。 本文首先針對不同條件的氣囊式緩衝包材進行一系列壓縮試驗，透過材料應力－應變曲線探討氣囊的壓縮特性，以釐清在不同壓縮速率、不同管徑試體下，材料行為是否受到影響。其次，針對不同條件的氣囊式緩衝包材包覆各種不同重量的壓克力板及鋼板，利用落下試驗機進行簡易落下實驗，了解不同條件下的氣囊式緩衝包材所適用的重物重量及其緩衝效果，此外，利用高速攝影機觀察反彈情形，探討能量損失。 再者，希望分別透過靜態評估方法與單自由度運動方程式及動態緩衝曲線，加入能量損失考量，來預測包裝物在落下時的最大加速度。最後，由各種試驗及數值模擬結果，歸納出利於選用包材的方式及便於使用的圖表。

This study hopes to understand the behavior of air cushion bag in drop test and to assess the cushioning effect of packaging through test and numerical simulation. Furthermore, we will compare the influence on the different conditions of bag material in drop test, considering different inside pressures, diameters of bag’s tube, and also various packaging way. First, we plan to carry out a series of static compression test on the air cushion bags with different conditions, and to use the stress-strain curve to know the constitutive law of air cushion bag. By static compression test, we can recognize the compression rate effect and realize the relation between diameters of air bag tube and material constitutive law. Second, in order to understand the applicable object weight of air cushion bag under different conditions, we will try to use the drop test on simple steel plate to know the acceleration response in each case. In addition, we would like to make use of motion function, which is single degree of freedom, to forecast the maximum acceleration on the object when dropping; in the meantime, through observing the jump height after package contact to the floor to judge that there must have some energy dissipations when package dropping. In the end, we consider the energy dissipation in numerical methods and produce some formulas and charts to forecast the maximum acceleration. After that, concluding the design procedure of air cushion bag system.