鋼板剪力牆耐震分析與設計之研究

Abstract

鋼板剪力牆是一較新型的抗側力系統。當薄鋼板發生剪力挫屈後，會產生拉力場行為，拉力場的形成可維持該系統後挫屈階段的勁度與強度，而鋼板能藉着反覆拉力場行為來消散外力所輸入的能量。本研究首先對三座鋼板剪力牆系統進行有限元素分析，透過有限元素細緻的網格劃分來探討結構進入非線性期間的行為，同時又與試驗結果進行強度與勁度之比對。由於有限元素分析較耗時，為了讓鋼板剪力牆系統得以推廣，一種適合工程界使用的簡化模型顯得相當重要，本研究對目前最常使用的板條與等效斜撐模型的適用性進行探討，並對兩種模型加以修正，而提出了三種修正模型，其名稱分別為修正板條模型、修正等效斜撐模型與修正牆板與構架互制模型，研究結果顯示三種修正模型能有效地提升分析的精確性。本研究依據不同的鋼板拉力場角度進行分析，發現拉力場角度對分析結果影響小，且若周圍梁柱的容量充足時，其影響程度更低。含連接梁的鋼板剪力牆能透過連接梁的連接，使該系統內柱的柱軸力有效地降低。本研究透過PISA3D及ABAQUS分析軟體的協助，証實連接梁可設計成剪力連桿或彎矩連桿，對鋼板剪力牆系統提供額外的消能機制。本研究建議含連接梁鋼板剪力牆之設計只需額外考慮連接梁的作用，其設計方法可依據一般型鋼板剪力牆系統加以適度調整。

Steel plate shear wall (SPSW) has evolved into an effective lateral force resisting system. After the shear buckling of the thin plate, tension field action can be developed. Thus, the lateral stiffness and strength can be maintained in the post-buckling range, the input energy can be effectively dissipated through the cyclic tension field actions. This research firstly conducts analytical investigations using finite element models for three test specimens. Using rather refined meshes, this paper demonstrates the structural performance of the boundary beams and columns when the steel panels buckled and the tension field action developed during the nonlinear stage. Then, this research investigates the lateral stiffness and strength between the test and the analytical results. Since detailed finite element models may be inconvenient to construct, it become a must to develop a simplified but accurate model for practical use. Thus, the two commonly used models: strip model and equivalent brace model are extensively studied in this research. It is found that these two models often underestimate the stiffness and strength, of a SPSW. This research further develops three refined models, entitled: refined strip model, refined EB model and refined PFI model. Analytical results show that refined models can effectively improve the accuracy. In addition, by varying the tension field angle in the analytical models, it is found that the changes of tension field angle have little effect on the responses of the SPSW especially when the boundary members are sufficiently stiff. Steel plate shear walls coupled with link beams (CSPSW) can be an effective structural configuration. The axial force demand on the inner columns can be reduced by effective coupling beams. Using extensive PISA3D and ABAQUS analyses, it is confirmed that the coupling beams can be designed as shear or flexural links. It can provide additional energy dissipation capacity. This research concludes that the design procedures for the SPSW can be conveniently modified before applications for CSPSWs.