施工風險管理機制之研究─以捷運工程施工專案為例

Abstract

一個營建工程專案之生命周期自規劃設計、執行施工至使用營運，每一階段都存在著各種風險，每個階段也都儘可能的解決各階段所能處理的風險，但仍然會有移轉新增或殘餘未處置的風險需要後續階段來承接處理，國內營建工程專案之執行方式與習慣，專案風險在各階段造成之損害又以工程施工階段為甚，常因未能妥善處置造成社會不安、成本增加、工期延長甚至人員傷亡等損失。前國內營造廠商亦即執行施工者對風險管理技術之認知不足，不知如何有效地定義風險、識別風險、評估風險、規劃應對風險及監控風險，對各項工程風險尚無法積極掌握及控制或對於風險仍採取被動，並常有亡羊補牢之心態、等實際遇到問題再解決之僥倖心態。鑑於此，本研究將由營造廠商觀點，對承接規劃設計階段殘餘之風險，依循專案管理知識體系中風險管理之步驟，以捷運工程專案為例，整理風險管理相關文獻及捷運局標準管理程序為基礎，建構出一套捷運工程施工階段風險管理之機制，以提供捷運工程專案組織執行風險管理參考。本研究經由專家訪談、系統分析、流程建置等方法完成連貫規劃設計與執行施工二階段之風險管理機制，配合實際專案執行，藉由執行中的個案導入方式分析模式在實務操作上之可行性。研究誠摯期盼此整合改良後的風險管理機制，能提供捷運工程專案中所面臨之專案時程、施工環境施工條件的不確定性甚於其他工程與都市工程所牽扯介面廣、影響範圍亦相對較大等特性之重大工程施工過程中，一個實用性的解決方案，以確保此捷運工程風險管理模式之正確及有效性。

The life cycle of a construction engineering project includes the phases of planning/ design, construction execution, and completion/operation. Each phase involves its own engineering risk factors. Although efforts are made at each phase to handle the associated risk factors, it is unavoidable that some risk factors are not resolved and needed to be handled at later phases. Currently construction engineering projects in our country tend to suffer most damages from risk factors during the construction phase. When not being handled properly, the situation commonly leads to losses in terms of society unrest, cost increases, longer project duration, or even personnel casualty.urrently most construction engineering companies in our country, that is, those that handle the construction phase, do not possess the skills of managing risk factors. Those companies do not know how to define risk factors, how to identify them, how to assess them, or how to handle and monitor them. As a result, they are unable to proactively control risk factors. They tend to handle risk factors in an ad-hoc fashion and try to make remedies only after unfortunate situations happen. ith that as the motivation, this study, conducted from the perspectives of the construction engineering companies, aims to develop a set of mechanisms for the management of risk factors using the construction phase of the Metro Rapid Transit (MRT) engineering project as an example. It considers the remaining risk factors after the planning/design phase, follows the risk factor management steps in the special project management knowledge system, and is based on the relevant risk factor management documents and the standard management procedure of the MRT Bureau. This study adopts approaches such as expert interview, system analysis, and flowchart construction so as to complete the development of integrated mechanisms that manage the risk factors in both the planning/design and construction execution phases. With the execution of special projects in real environments, it uses individual cases to analyze the operation feasibility of the developed models in practice.ompared to other construction projects, the MRT Construction project involves greater amount of uncertainty in terms of project schedule, engineering environment, and construction conditions. It also covers large urban areas with complicated issues and any derails to the project could have huge impacts. It is sincerely hoped that the integrated risk management mechanisms developed in this study can provide a practical solution to address these risk factors and guarantee the accuracy and effectiveness of the developed M.R.T . Construction risk management model.