從敘事學的角度看杜詩的紀傳性

Abstract

抒情詩、戲劇和敘事文(lyric, drama and narrative)是世界各國文學發 展的三大主體，但衡諸杜詩，卻發現杜甫詩作本身兼著抒情(lyric)和敘事 (narrative)兩大明顯的特貿。以詩歌傳統來說，杜詩宜定位於抒情傳統，但 杜詩的紀傳性、歷史陳述、巨細靡遺的史實、社會事件、自身生命史的回顧， 乃至詠物詠人留下的紀傳筆法，都是敘事文特質對抒情文學的穿透。 根據我初步歸納的結果，杜詩的紀傳性作品有三類：自傳性的敘事長篇、紀 時代離亂的詩史之作、詠物詠人之傳記筆法。本文擬以「歷代杜詩學文獻的歸納 與回顧」、「敘事學理論的粹取與典型化」、「杜詩文本的分析與歸納」等方法，完 成「詩史」意涵之釐測與重估，並為杜詩上繼風雅與漢魏樂府之特徵找出具體軌 跡，最後綜合參考敘事學相關角度，分析杜詩之敘事藝術。 綜言之，這是一項檢討歷代「詩史」說視野的工作，針對杜詩學及杜詩接受 史整理出其紀傳意義的評論軌跡，較能發現「詩史」說之局限性;也是一項定位 杜詩在敘事詩歷史上之意義的工作，期望能藉敘事學之發達，釐析杜詩中敘事手 法的多元樣態，為杜詩之紀傳性格開發更多元的特質。

Lyric, drama and narrative are the principal part of world’s literature. In common sense, the poetry of Tu Fu is Lyric, but when we take a vision of narrative, we’ll find out it is not true. It is actually combining lyric with narrative in Tu-Fu’s poetry. It is full of Tu-Fu’s life history and events of Tang dynasty. That’s the biographic character of Tu-Fu’s poetry. According my induction, there are three categories with biographic character in Tu-Fu’s Poetry, poems of Tu-Fu’s autobiography, history of Tang dynasty and records of matters and people. This project plan to research the poetry of Tu Fu, review the criticism in Tu Fu’s poetry and take some model theories to analyze them. In another words, I’ll reexamine the estimation of poems’ historic, trace the development from the folk songs and ballads of Han-Wei dynasty to Tu-Fu’s poetry and present the divers narrative art of his poems. In conclusion, it’s a new view through narrative study, I hope to open up some distinguishing characteristics in Tu Fu’s Poetry.