https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/185094
標題: | 傳統知識智財權保護之研究----子計畫六 | 作者: | 郭華仁 | 關鍵字: | 傳統知識;智慧財產;生物多樣性公約;原住民;地方社區;Traditional Knowledge;Intellectual Property;CBD;indigenous people;local communities | 公開日期: | 31-十月-2004 | 出版社: | 臺北市:國立臺灣大學農藝學系暨研究所 | 摘要: | 在1970 年代以後,西方化工以及藥品跨國公司逐漸熱中於前往生物資源豐 富地區進行生物探勘,這些生物資源豐富地區經常在熱帶開發中國家,特別是這 些國家的原住民生活圈。跨國公司由這些資源進一步研發,並且經由智財權保障 其研發結果而獲利。原本對於原住民智慧創作的保護僅限於人類學者所重視的民 間傳說、音樂、舞蹈等,就因之而擴充到民族生物學者以及相關保育團體對於生 物多樣性保護的關懷。這些部門認為原住民、地方社群在農業、醫療、生態以及 其他方面的傳統知識對於社群的永續發展是相當珍貴的憑藉。這些思潮最後具體 地呈現於1992 年的生物多樣性公約,特別是在第8(j)條:「依照國家立法, 尊重、保存和維持原住民和地方社區體現傳統生活方式而與生物多樣性的保護和 持久使用相關的知識、創新和做法並促進其廣泛應用,由此等知識、創新和做法 的擁有者認可和參與其事並鼓勵公平地分享因利用此等知識、創新和做法而獲得 的惠益」。 此外,世界智財組織(WIPO)從1998 年開始,在南亞、南太平洋、阿拉伯 國家、東南非、西非、美洲等28 個國家進行了九次的實情調查,訪問的對象囊 括原住民與地方社群居民、政府官員、學術研究單位以及非政府組織等。這些訪 問肯定了傳統知識在許多領域的確是產業技術不斷創新的來源,包括農業、藥 物、藝術等。 近年來,對於傳統知識的保護,各方的研究相當豐碩,基於對保護傳統知識 的目標,在各個國際論壇中已有相當數量的著作以及許多關於規則與行動的建 議。本為主要目的在於比較傳統知識與近代科技間特性的異同,並將報告國際保 護傳統知識之方法,以及台灣之保護現況,以作為討論傳統知識保護的參考。 Starting in the 1970s, multinational pharmaceutical and chemical corporations gradually started heading to areas in other parts of the world, areas rich in biodiversity, to conduct bio-prospecting concerning natural resources. These areas are frequently in developing countries of tropical areas, and especially in areas where indigenous peoples live. The multinational corporations further researched and developed these resources, and the protected the results of the R&D with intellectual property (IP) protection to make a profit. These activities raise the issues of protecting genetic resources and traditional knowledge (TK). Originally, protection was restricted to for certain creations (such as folklore, music, dance, etc.) of indigenous people, but later biologists and other environmental groups pushed for expansion of this protection to include protection of other forms of biodiversity. These groups felt that the traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples and local communities in the fields of agriculture, medicine, and ecology, etc., could have very important contributions for sustainable development. These ideas are present in the 1992 Convention on Biodiversity (CBD), specifically in Article 8(j): Subject to its national legislation, respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of the holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices and encourage the equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of such knowledge, innovations and practices. Moreover, from 1998, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) has conducted nine fact-finding missions in 28 countries (including countries in South Asia, the South Pacific, Arab nations, Southeast Africa, West Africa, the Americas, etc.), visiting indigenous peoples, and local tribes, governmental officials, the scholarly research institutions, and non-governmental associations (NGOs) etc. These visits affirm that TK in many fields (including agriculture, medicine, art, etc.) is the source for innovative technology. Many scholars have conducted research regarding TK protection in recent years, with the goal of increasing protection of TK. Moreover, international forums have distributed many suggestions for action plans and regulations.The goal of this article is to compare TK with modern technology, and to discuss the protection of TK at the international level, as well as in Taiwan, as a reference for the different methods of TK protection. |
URI: | http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/19846 | 其他識別: | 923112H002010 | Rights: | 國立臺灣大學農藝學系暨研究所 |
顯示於: | 農藝學系 |
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923112H002010.pdf | 413.43 kB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
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