Predictive biomarkers of sorafenib efficacy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Are we getting there?
Resource
World J. Gastroenterol., 21(36), 10336-10347
Journal
World Journal of Gastroenterology
Pages
10336
Date Issued
2015
Date
2015
Author(s)
Abstract
Sorafenib is the current standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its efficacy is modest with low response rates and short response duration. Predictive biomarkers for sorafenib efficacy are necessary. However, efforts to determine biomarkers for sorafenib have led only to potential candidates rather than clinically useful predictors. Studies based on patient cohorts identified the potential of blood levels of angiopoietin-2, hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 for predicting sorafenib efficacy. Alpha-fetoprotein response, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and treatment-related side effects may serve as early surrogate markers. Novel approaches based on super-responders or experimental mouse models may provide new directions in biomarker research. These studies identified tumor amplification of FGF3/FGF4 or VEGFA and tumor expression of phospho-Mapk14 and phospho-Atf2 as possible predictive markers that await validation. A group effort that considers various prognostic factors and proper collection of tumor tissues before treatment is imperative for the success of future biomarker research in advanced HCC.
Subjects
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Predictive marker
Prognosis
Sorafenib
SDGs
Other Subjects
alpha fetoprotein; angiopoietin 2; biological marker; granulocyte colony stimulating factor; interleukin 6; interleukin 8; lactate dehydrogenase; leptin; mitogen activated protein kinase; mitogen activated protein kinase kinase; protein c jun; scatter factor; somatomedin C; sorafenib; transforming growth factor beta1; vasculotropin A; antineoplastic agent; carbanilamide derivative; nicotinamide; protein kinase inhibitor; sorafenib; tumor marker; advanced cancer; blood group; circulating endothelial cell; clinical assessment; contrast enhancement; drug efficacy; drug response; endothelium cell; enzyme activity; enzyme phosphorylation; hand foot syndrome; hepatic progenitor cell; hepatitis; human; hypertension; liver cancer; liver cell carcinoma; mouse model; neutrophil lymphocyte ratio; nonhuman; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; pathogenesis; positron emission tomography; prediction; predictive value; protein blood level; protein expression; rash; Review; tissue level; analogs and derivatives; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; diagnostic imaging; enzymology; Liver Neoplasms; metabolism; pathology; procedures; risk factor; treatment outcome; Antineoplastic Agents; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Niacinamide; Phenylurea Compounds; Predictive Value of Tests; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome