行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告:記憶系統中之自動與控制過程 -- 以電腦化的神經心理檢查與事件相關電位為研究方法
Date Issued
2003
Date
2003
Author(s)
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DOI
912314B002212
Abstract
The conventional concept about the level of awareness during cognitive processing can be
divided in a dichotomy way into automatic and controlled processes. Routine tasks that we
are rather familiar with go through automatic process. Complex tasks invoke controlled
process when the level of complexity of a task requires more than routine processing, when
old information must be considered in new ways or when the information is to be processed
de novo. The measurement of the controlled process of the memory system was performed
by using tasks with “random-disorganized” features, which invoked more awareness in
handling the more complex situation. The measurement of the automatic process of the
memory system was performed by using tasks with “structured-organized” features, which
utilized less awareness in handling the less complex situation. ERP were recorded with a
32- channel ERP machine. Brain mappings were prepared at the mean latencies of P240
with the grand average of ERP using double spline interpolation. Between-group t-Maps
were also constructed. Geometry shapes were presented to the subjects in a 15-inches LCD
screen at about 60-cm distance. The shapes of the first group were presented for one second
with an inter-break of about 300 ms. Subjects were instructed to pay full attention and to
memorize them by heart. After the presentation the subjects were asked to recognize and to
do a yes-no response on the shapes of the first group from a randomized presentation of
shapes from the first (8 forms) and the 2nd group (8 forms). ERP were recorded during the
3rd stage of presentation and recognition test. Another 16 novel shapes that have never been
presented joined in a random presentation sequence with the 1st and 2nd groups. In total 64
trials ERP were collected from each group for further analysis. It took longer to complete
the “structured-organized” task (mean duration: 17.1 ± 3.1 sec) than to complete the
“randomized-disorganized” task (mean duration: 15.5 ± 3.5 sec) with a statistic significant
difference (p = 0.00002). The mean scores (correct – omission – commission) were lower
(p = 0.00569) with “structured-organized” task (6.6 ± 4.3) than with “randomized-
disorganized” task (7.4±3.8). In ERP study, the three conditions had similar waveforms
especially the early components while their brain topographic mappings varied in the
spatial distribution. The well-memorized targets induced activities over the bilateral
parietal cortexes more on the right side. Those implicitly learned targets or de novo targets
induced some frontal activities appeared in addition to parietal activities. In conclusion,
“controlled process” recruits more brain resources but performs better in terms of speed
and correct rates. ERP showed results compatible with that brain regions involved in this
kind of automatic process are more posterior in location while the controlled process
involves brain areas mostly within the frontal lobe.
Subjects
Automatic and control process
Brain mappings
Event related potentials
Publisher
臺北市：國立臺灣大學醫學院神經科
Type
journal article
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