性靈價值觀與音樂分析：以ARVO PART近二十年宗教音樂為例

Abstract

本計畫為二年期計畫。此報告為第一年的成果報告。整個二年期計畫目的在探討以助長性靈為前提的音樂價值觀是否可以和音樂分析結合﹐進行樂曲的詮釋﹐並發展出一種由此觀點出發的分析法；並藉由音樂對宗教信仰以至精神性靈的助益為出發點，分析Pärt 的宗教作品如何表現、強化、或提升聽者的精神性靈層次。內容分成三個部份。第一部份解釋西方以精神性靈為前提的音樂價值觀為何，並追溯其源頭。由歐洲天主教會關於音樂對大眾信仰應有的助益之主張談起，追溯此一價值觀的來源與其背後的哲理。同時，並探詢此種價值觀對實際樂曲安排的意義與要求。第二、三部份都是將此種價值觀以及對音樂的要求，應用在分析Arvo Pärt 自1976 年來的宗教音樂作品，同時並參照其它相關之現代音樂及西方宗教音樂。第二部份的分析，將以譜面所顯示的樂音結構﹑組織為依歸，參照聽覺經驗來進行。第三部份的分析，則以聲譜為基準，由聲譜之顯示，探討是否有某些聲波現象與宗教性靈的意義有關，卻是在譜面上所觀察不到的。本報告係針對第一年之成果，亦即計畫的第一部份──探討西方以精神性靈為前提的音樂價值觀之看法、來源與其背後的哲理；同時，並探詢此種價值觀對實際樂曲安排的意義與要求。研究的結果顯示，音樂對性靈所產生的力量，可由兩方面探討──一是樂曲整體的音高狀態，一是樂音的運動方式。

This is a two-year project. The major task is to investigate the relationship between the value concept of spirituality and music analysis. Based on the assumption that music is capable of enhancing or cultivating human being’s spirituality, which will be surveyed in the outset, I plan to analyze the religious works of Estonian composer Arvo Pärt. This project consists of three parts. The first part concentrates on the musical value concept of spirituality: surveys what it meant in the western music historical context, when and where it came from, and what it meant for compositional arrangements and practical musical considerations. In both the second and third parts, this value concept, with the understanding reached in Part One, will be applied to actual analyses of Pärt’s religious works. In Part Two the analysis will be focused primarily on the musical structure and organization of sounds as heard or shown on the score. In Part Three, the analysis will focus on facts and events shown on the works’ sonographic representations. Thus, if there are sound events which are related to the notion of spirituality but are not found or cannot be found on the score or consciously perceived, may be detected through the examination of the sonograph. This report gives the result of the first year’s investigation in this project; that is, the first part of this project.