死亡問題在莊子思想中的意義與地位

Abstract

Use quotations from Chuang-Tsu, this article argues that: (1) Chuang-Tsu considered "chi" the basic component of all tagible existences, an element that does not in itself consist of any driving force. The driving force behind the formation/ extinction of tangible existence is "tien" (or the creator). (2) Since "chi" is ever-lasting, there exists no absolute nihility in the universe. The formation of tangible existences is therefore not a process from "nothingness" to "existence". (3)We have no means to comprehend the reason and purpose of existence. Consequently, we can not, and should not, define or criticize the meaning or value of any existence. Further, the existence of human beings, like all other tagible existences, is by no means significant. (4)Since there is no significance in human existence and it is not possible to create any meaning through the process of existence, the only purpose of life is not to impair the current existence. (5)However, as individual life, unlike "chi", is not eternal, death is inevitable. Chuang-Tsu hence attempted to ease the anxiety of nihilism through asserting that "chi" transforms among different existences. It is nevertheless doubtful that such reasoning can effectively unravel human anxiety over death.