Aqueous carboyxfullerene analogue attenuated cerebral infarct and extracellular glutamate levels in anesthetized rat
Journal
Neuroscience Research Communications
Journal Volume
34
Journal Issue
2
Pages
112-119
Date Issued
2004
Author(s)
Abstract
Abstract We have examined the effects of an aqueous?soluble carboxyfullerene analogue on the cerebral ischemia?induced infarct volume, and on extracellular glutamate accumulation, in an anesthetized rat brain cortex. A C 3 ?symmetric carboxylic acid derivative of C 60 (C 3 ?C 60 ), which contains three malonic acid groups per molecule, was administered intraventricularly (5 �gL of a 30?�gM solution of C 3 ?C 60 over a period of 40 min). Cerebral ischemia was induced by the ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries (CCA) and the unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA). The infarct volume was calculated by analysis of 2?mm coronal sections of brain slices that were stained using TTC. We analyzed the glutamate concentrations in the cortex by microdialysis perfusion and on?line HPLC analysis. Administering C 3 ?C 60 significantly decreases the infarct volume (infarct percentage relative to total volume: 8 �� 1.4%) when compared with the vehicle (22 �� 2.6%; p < 0.01), which was similar to that of the control (22 �� 1.2%). Additionally, administering C 3 ?C 60 significantly decreases ischemia?induced extracellular glutamate accumulation when compared with the vehicle. These results suggest that an aqueous?soluble analogue of carboxyfullerene can protect a cerebral ischemia?induced infarct. This protective effect may be related to the attention of the accumulation of extracellular excitatory amino acids such as glutamate. The detailed mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of C 3 ?C 60 require further investigation.
Type
journal article