Antibiotic resistance patterns of community-acquired urinary tract infections in children with vesicoureteral reflux receiving prophylactic antibiotic therapy
Journal
Pediatrics
Journal Volume
122
Journal Issue
6
Pages
1212-1217
Date Issued
2008
Author(s)
CHENG, CHI-HUI
TSAI, MING-HONG
HUANG, YHU-CHERING
SU, LIN-HUI
TSAU, YONG-KWEI
LIN, GHI-JEN
CHIU, CHENG-HSUN
LIN, TZOU- YIEN
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The goal was to examine bacterial antimicrobial resistance of recurrent urinary tract infections in children receiving antibiotic prophylaxis because of primary vesicoureteral reflux. METHODS. We reviewed data retrospectively for children with documented vesicoureteral reflux in 2 hospitals during a 5-year follow-up period. The patients were receiving co-trimoxazole, cephalexin, or cefaclor prophylaxis or prophylaxis with a sequence of different antibiotics (alternative monotherapy). Demographic data, degree of vesicoureteral reflux, prophylactic antibiotics prescribed, and antibiotic sensitivity results of first urinary tract infections and breakthrough urinary tract infections were recorded. RESULTS. Three hundred twenty-four patients underwent antibiotic prophylaxis (109 with co-trimoxazole, 100 with cephalexin, 44 with cefaclor, and 71 with alternative monotherapy) in one hospital and 96 children underwent co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in the other hospital. Breakthrough urinary tract infections occurred in patients from both hospitals (20.4% and 25%, respectively). Escherichia coli infection was significantly less common in children receiving antibiotic prophylaxis, compared with their initial episodes of urinary tract infection, at both hospitals. Children receiving cephalosporin prophylaxis were more likely to have an extended-spectrum /3-lactamase-producing organism for breakthrough urinary tract infections, compared with children with co-trimoxazole prophylaxis. Antimicrobial susceptibilities to almost all antibiotics decreased with cephalosporin prophylaxis when recurrent urinary tract infections developed. The extent of decreased susceptibilities was also severe for prophylaxis with a sequence of different antibiotics. However, antimicrobial susceptibilities decreased minimally in co-trimoxazole prophylaxis groups. CONCLUSIONS. Children receiving cephalosporin prophylaxis are more likely to have extended-spectrum /3-lactamase-producing bacteria or multidrug-resistant uropathogens other than E coli for breakthrough urinary tract infections; therefore, these antibiotics are not appropriate for prophylactic use in patients with vesicoureteral reflux. Co-trimoxazole remains the preferred prophylactic agent for vesicoureteral reflux. Copyright ? 2008 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.
Subjects
Antibiotic resistance; Extended-spectrum β-lactamase; Prophylactic antibiotics; Recurrent urinary tract infection; Vesicoureteral reflux
SDGs
Other Subjects
beta lactamase; cefaclor; cefalexin; cotrimoxazole; antiinfective agent; urinary tract antiinfective agent; antibiotic prophylaxis; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic sensitivity; article; child; Enterobacter cloacae; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; female; follow up; human; infant; Klebsiella; major clinical study; male; Morganella morganii; preschool child; priority journal; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; retrospective study; school child; urinary tract infection; vesicoureteral reflux; adolescent; age distribution; cohort analysis; communicable disease; confidence interval; hospitalization; incidence; microbiological examination; microbiology; newborn; probability; risk assessment; sex ratio; statistics; urinary tract infection; vesicoureteral reflux; Adolescent; Age Distribution; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Community-Acquired Infections; Confidence Intervals; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Probability; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Distribution; Urinary Tract Infections; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux
Type
journal article