https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/370732
標題: | Typhoon-induced phytoplankton blooms and primary productivity increase in the western North Pacific subtropical ocean | 作者: | Lin, I. -I. I-I LIN |
公開日期: | 2012 | 卷: | 117 | 來源出版物: | Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans | 摘要: | Using multiple satellite observations and series of numerical experiments, this work systematically studied phytoplankton blooms induced by tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific subtropical ocean (WNPSO) because WNPSO is among the world oceans where most number of intense tropical cyclones are found. All eleven typhoon cases passing the study domain in 2003 were examined in detail. It was observed that only two typhoons (18%) were able to induce phytoplankton blooms (chlorophyll-a concentration increased from ≦0.1 mg m-3 to 0.4-0.8 mg m-3) and strong sea surface temperature cooling of -2.5 to -6°C. The other nine typhoons, including the most intense tropical cyclone on Earth in 2003 (i.e., supertyphoon Maemi), were not able to induce phytoplankton blooms and the associated sea surface temperature cooling was weak (0 to -1.5°C). Using series of numerical experiments, it was found that the presence of warm ocean eddy can effectively isolate the cold, nutrient-rich water to be entrained to the surface ocean. Under this situation, even category 5 typhoon Maemi at its peak intensity of 150 kts could not induce phytoplankton bloom in the WNPSO. The weak responses of the other eight typhoons were due to insufficient wind intensity and transit time (caused by relatively small storm size and fast translation speed) in this deep nutricline/mixed layer ocean. As a result, the total annual primary production increase induced by typhoons in the WNPSO was estimated to be ∼3.27 × 1012 g C (0.00327 Pg), equivalent to 0.15% of the global annual anthropogenic CO 2 uptake. This suggests that though WNPSO has the highest number and intensity of tropical cyclones among the world oceans, tropical cyclones in the WNPSO have little contribution to enhance biological carbon fixation in the context of global carbon-climate system. © 2012 by the American Geophysical Union. |
URI: | http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000302241500001&KeyUID=WOS:000302241500001 http://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/370732 |
DOI: | 10.1029/2011JC007626 | SDG/關鍵字: | Atmospheric temperature; Blooms (metal); Carbon dioxide; Chlorophyll; Experiments; Oceanography; Phytoplankton; Carbon fixation; Carbon-climate systems; Chlorophyll-a concentration; Multiple satellites; Numerical experiments; Nutricline; Nutrient-rich water; Peak intensity; Phytoplankton bloom; Primary production; Primary productivity; Sea surface temperature (SST); Subtropical ocean; Surface ocean; Transit time; Translation speed; Tropical cyclone; Warm ocean; Weak response; Western North Pacific; Wind intensity; World Ocean; Hurricanes; algal bloom; anthropogenic effect; carbon fixation; chlorophyll a; mathematical analysis; mixed layer; nutrient enrichment; phytoplankton; primary production; satellite imagery; sea surface temperature; subtropical region; tropical cyclone; typhoon; Pacific Ocean; Pacific Ocean (North) |
顯示於: | 大氣科學系 |
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