Auxin influences symptom expression and phytoplasma colonisation in periwinkle infected with periwinkle leaf yellowing phytoplasma
Journal
Annals of Applied Biology
Journal Volume
163
Journal Issue
3
Pages
420-429
Date Issued
2013
Author(s)
Abstract
Auxin imbalance was suggested as a key factor in phytoplasma symptom development. Furthermore, remission of the symptoms of phytoplasma-infected shoots can be promoted by culturing them in vitro in high-auxin-containing media. Therefore, effect of spraying 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on infected periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) with periwinkle leaf yellowing (PLY) phytoplasma was examined. 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid stimulated symptom development in phytoplasma-inoculated shoots. Accelerated symptom development was associated with early accumulation of phytoplasmas. Two PATHOGENESIS-RELATED (PR) genes, CrPR1a and CrPR1b, were induced by PLY phytoplasma infection, and the induction was suppressed by NAA. Therefore, the accelerated symptom development may be due to the suppression effect of NAA on PR-related defence. However, while NAA promoted symptom development on shoots inoculated with phytoplasma, more non-symptomatic shoots containing no phytoplasma were observed, suggesting that NAA prevents phytoplasma colonisation in non-symptomatic shoots. The expression of two genes encoding jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis key enzymes, lipoxygenase and allene oxide cyclase, was downregulated in non-symptomatic shoots of infected plants, and remained downregulated after auxin treatment. Therefore, the auxin-promoted resistance should be JA independent. Because auxin may promote symptom development of PLY phytoplasma-infected periwinkles, it may not link to plant resistance to phytoplasma infection. ? 2013 Association of Applied Biologists.
Subjects
Auxin; hormonal imbalance; periwinkle; phytoplasma; plant defence
SDGs
Other Subjects
acetic acid; disease incidence; enzyme activity; gene; gene expression; infectious disease; pathogenicity; phytoplasma; shoot; spray; symptom; Candidatus Phytoplasma; Catharanthus roseus
Type
journal article