Developing and Testing the Psychological Variable, Rural Practice, and Entrepreneurial Intention Scales
Other Title
開發與測試心理變項、鄉居工作與創業意圖量表
Journal
農業推廣學報
Journal Issue
31
Start Page
72
End Page
95
Date Issued
2014
Abstract
We conducted two studies to develop and confirm the psychological variable, rural practices, and entrepreneurial intention scales. Subsequently, a third study was conducted to examine the effects of psychological variables on the rural practices and entrepreneurial intentions of college students majoring in agriculture. For Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine the appropriate structure of the scales based on a sample of 220 college students. A seven-factor solution was employed to identify the psychological variable dimensions. The concepts of rural practices and entrepreneurial intentions were divided into three and two dimensions, respectively. For Study 2, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to confirm the validity of the structures established in Study 1 based on a sample of 246 college students. In addition, the degree of measurement invariance of the scales was tested across genders. Finally, Study 3 was conducted to further examine the effects of the psychological variables on the rural practices and entrepreneurial intentions of 223 college students majoring in agriculture. The results indicate that the psychological variables comprise seven factors (intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, positive emotions, negative emotions, cognitive load, metacognition, and self-efficacy), rural practices comprise three factors (autonomy, isolation, and friendliness), and entrepreneurial intention comprises two factors (conviction and preparation). Furthermore, intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy were the most critical factors affecting entrepreneurial intention and rural practice.
本文整合三份研究以報導心理變項、鄉居工作、創業意圖等量表的開發，並用以測試農學系所學生個人心理對鄉居工作與創業意圖的影響。在第一份以220名大學生為樣本的研究中，探索性因素分析被應用以決定適用的因素結構，其結果得知，心理變項可分為七個構面，鄉居工作為三個構面，而創業意圖則可區分為兩個構面。第二份研究以246名大學生做為施測樣本進行驗證性因素分析，以確認在前一研究中所獲致的因素結構。此外，測量恆等性檢定確認了三份量表並不會因為性別不同而有所差異。在第三份研究中，有223名農學系所學生參與以檢驗其心理變項對鄉居工作與創業意圖的預測程度。整體結果顯示，七個心理變項之因素包括：內在動機、外在動機、正向情緒、負向情緒、認知負荷、後設認知，以及自我效能；三個鄉居工作之因素包括：自主、隔離，和友善；兩個創業意圖之因素則為：信念和準備。本研究結果亦發現，內在動機與自我效能是影響創業意圖和鄉居工作的最關鍵因素。
Subjects
agriculture students
entrepreneurial intention
psychological variable
rural practice
scale development
農學系所學生
創業意圖
心理變項
鄉居工作
量表發展
Type
journal article