https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/39236
標題: | 中文字詞呈現時間的長短是否影響正常老人和年輕人的錯誤記憶作業的表現 Effects of exposurte durations of semantic-related words on false recollection in normal elderly and young adult individuals |
作者: | 郭穎樺 Kuo, Ying-Hua |
關鍵字: | 正常老人;錯誤記憶;要旨記憶;逐項記憶;normal elderly;false memory;gist memory;verbatim memory | 公開日期: | 2006 | 摘要: | 文獻指出錯誤記憶的產生與過度依賴要旨記憶,或較少使用逐項記憶來抑制要旨記憶有關。正常老人比年輕人容易出現錯誤記憶,該現象是否因正常老人比較依賴要旨記憶,或使用較少逐項記憶來抑制要旨記憶而導致,目前仍有爭議。此爭議可能是因操弄Deese-Roediger-McDermott(DRM)派典中不同的學習變項所造成的。此外,過去文獻對於錯誤記憶產生的神經機制,結果並不一致。基於上述,本研究嘗試操弄刺激呈現時間來探討正常老人錯誤回憶的表現,同時也將建立年輕人的錯誤回憶表現資料。並透過神經心理測驗表現與錯誤回憶率之相關,來探討正常老人錯誤回憶的產生是否和顳葉功能、或額葉功能、抑或兩者皆有關聯。 過去研究(Kensinger & Schacter, 1999)發現,當學習次數增加且刺激呈現時間為2000毫秒時,正常老人不會降低錯誤回憶與再認。反之,有些研究(Budson, Daffner, Desikan, & Schacter, 2000)發現當學習次數增加且刺激呈現時間為3000毫秒時,正常老人會降低錯誤再認。以上不一致結果主要是研究方法的問題,本研究採用Watson與McDermott(2001)研究方法操弄五種刺激呈現時間,比較正常老人及年輕人之錯誤記憶表現,重新探討上述問題。 30位正常老人與30位年輕人控制組參與本研究,在性別、年齡、及教育程度無顯著差異。每位受試者接受神經心理功能檢查和錯誤記憶作業。本研究採受試者內設計,因此每位受試者均接受錯誤記憶作業操弄的五種不同刺激呈現時間,分別為20毫秒、250毫秒、1000毫秒、3000毫秒、及5000毫秒。結果發現,錯誤回憶表現上,不管時間呈現多久,正常老人的錯誤回憶無明顯的上升或下降趨勢,且其錯誤回憶率較年輕人高。年輕人的錯誤回憶率在刺激呈現時間為20毫秒至1000毫秒時,呈現下降趨勢,而1000毫秒至5000毫秒有略微上升的趨勢。此外,正常老人的神經心理測驗表現與錯誤回憶率無明顯的相關。 本研究結果顯示,不管刺激呈現時間長短,正常老人錯誤回憶率較年輕人高,可能源自於較依賴要旨記憶,使用較少逐項記憶來抑制要旨記憶所致,因此較支持Kensinger與Schacter(1999)之看法。由於本研究正常老人的錯誤回憶率與神經心理測驗表現無明顯相關,未能反映錯誤回憶產生的可能神經機制,有待未來研究加入功能性腦照影,來加以探討。 Literature shows that false memory manifestation results from an overdependence on semantic gist or impaired ability to monitor information. Normal older adults produced more false memory than young adults. The issue regarding whether an overdependence on semantic gist or impaired ability to monitor information in normal older adults has been controversial. Methodological pitfalls in these studies may account for these inconsistent outcomes. Moreover, the issue of the possible underlying neural substrates responsible for false recollection in the normal elderly remains unclear. For these reasons, this study was to make an attempt to examine effects of various exposure durations of semantic-related words on false recall in the normal elderly and also to document manifestation of false recall in normal young adults. Through the relationship between the performance of neuropsychological test and false recall in normal older adults, this study also made an attempt to explore the underlying neurological mechanism regarding the production of false recall in normal older adults Through the DRM paradigm, researchers have revealed that normal older adults failed to exhibit any reduction in false recall or false recognition after test trails with words presented at 2000 ms, while other studies assume that older adults could exhibit reduction in false recognition after test trails with words presented at 3000 ms. Methodological pitfalls in these studies may account for these inconsistent outcomes. With the DRM paradigm, five presentation durations(20 ms, 250 ms, 1000 ms, 3000 ms, and 5000 ms)of semantic-related words were exposed to normal older adults and normal young controls to re-explore these controversial issues. Thirty normal older adults and thirty normal young controls matched for the sex, age, and education level had participated in this study. All of the subjects were given a battery of neuropsychological tests and the false memory tasks in which the subjects received five presentation durations of stimulus conditions. The results showed that normal older adults failed to exhibit any reduction in false recall no matter what presentation durations of stimulus conditions were exposed. Young adults exhibited reduction in false recall from the word presentation durations of 20 ms to 1000 ms. After the word presentation duration of 1000nms, young adults performed a little bit of elevated false recall. Furthermore, the relationship between the performance of neuropsychological tests and false recall in normal older adults was not significant in this study Based on the results, it is suggested that normal older adults relied on memory for the general features or gist of studied materials but tended not to encode or retrieve specific details of individual items. These findings seem further support the Kensinger and Schacter’s claim. However, the relationship between the performance of neuropsychological tests and false recall in normal older adults was not significant in this study. Thus, the issue of the possible underlying neural substrates responsible for false recall in normal elderly individuals remains unclear. Further investigation on this issue with brain imaging technique is needed. |
URI: | http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/55933 | 其他識別: | zh-TW |
顯示於: | 心理學系 |
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