臺灣正常中老年人彩色路徑描繪測驗之常模研究

Abstract

路徑描繪測驗是最常被用來評估執行功能的神經心理測驗之一。然而，該測驗的B部分使用英文字母做為刺激材料，使其無法應用在不熟悉英文字母、文盲、或低教育程度的個體。彩色路徑描繪測驗是根據路徑描繪測驗之原理而設計，但以顏色取代字母的使用，使該測驗較不易受到語言的限制，擴展其適用族群範圍。本研究主要目的是建立臺灣地區正常成人的彩色路徑描繪測驗常模資料，並探討該測驗的心理計量特性。一共收集了374位50 ~ 88歲，教育程度0 ~ 18年的正常中老年人在彩色路徑描繪測驗上的常模資料，同時也收集路徑描繪測驗與尼爾森修訂版卡片分類測驗之資料，考驗彩色路徑描繪測驗的效度。其中30位受測者於三個月後進行重測，考驗彩色路徑描繪測驗的信度。結果發現完成彩色路徑描繪測驗所需的時間和年齡呈正相關，和教育程度呈負相關。性別與測驗之相關雖然達統計上的顯著，但實際上對測驗的解釋變異量很小。彩色路徑描繪測驗在臺灣50歲以上的正常成人具有良好的信、效度。本研究以統計方法排除掉人口學變項對測驗表現的影響，再以校正分數建立百分等級對照表。未來應持續建立彩色路徑描繪測驗在臺灣的完整常模，並根據年齡與教育程度分組呈現常模方面的資料。

The Trail Making Test（TMT）is one of the most widely used neuropsychological tests measuring executive function. However, the part B of the TMT relies upon the English letters as the test stimuli, thereby limiting its use in individuals who are unfamiliar with the English, illiterate, or poorly educated. The Color Trails Test（CTT）was designed based on the idea of the original TMT, but it replaces the English alphabet with colors. The CTT reduces the influence of language, and allow broader application in cross-culture contexts. The aims of the present study were to establish the norm of the CTT of healthy adults in Taiwan, and to examine its psychometric properties. The CTT was administered to 374 health individuals aged 50 to 88 years, with education level varied from 0 to 18 years. The TMT and the Modified Card Sorting Test were also administered to evaluate the validity of the CTT. Thirty of these 374 participants were retested 3 months later for examining the reliability of the CTT. The results revealed that completion time was positively correlated with age, but negatively correlated with education. Although the correlation between test performance and gender were found to be statistically significant, the proportion of variance accounted by gender was very small. The CTT showed good reliability and validity in Taiwan healthy adults. Regression coefficients derived from demographic variables were used to adjust raw scores, and percentile rank norms were established from these adjusted scores. Since the present study only provides normative data for individuals above 50 years of age, further study on comprehensive collection of norm stratified by age and education is merited.