A Normative Study on the Color Trails Test in Health Middle Age and Elderly Individuals in Taiwan
Date Issued
2009
Date
2009
Author(s)
Kuo, Hsiao-Yen
Abstract
The Trail Making Test（TMT）is one of the most widely used neuropsychological tests measuring executive function. However, the part B of the TMT relies upon the English letters as the test stimuli, thereby limiting its use in individuals who are unfamiliar with the English, illiterate, or poorly educated. The Color Trails Test（CTT）was designed based on the idea of the original TMT, but it replaces the English alphabet with colors. The CTT reduces the influence of language, and allow broader application in cross-culture contexts. The aims of the present study were to establish the norm of the CTT of healthy adults in Taiwan, and to examine its psychometric properties. The CTT was administered to 374 health individuals aged 50 to 88 years, with education level varied from 0 to 18 years. The TMT and the Modified Card Sorting Test were also administered to evaluate the validity of the CTT. Thirty of these 374 participants were retested 3 months later for examining the reliability of the CTT. The results revealed that completion time was positively correlated with age, but negatively correlated with education. Although the correlation between test performance and gender were found to be statistically significant, the proportion of variance accounted by gender was very small. The CTT showed good reliability and validity in Taiwan healthy adults. Regression coefficients derived from demographic variables were used to adjust raw scores, and percentile rank norms were established from these adjusted scores. Since the present study only provides normative data for individuals above 50 years of age, further study on comprehensive collection of norm stratified by age and education is merited.
Subjects
Trail Making Test
Color Trails Test
norm
demographic variables
reliability
validity
adjusted score
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