https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/41106
標題: | 視覺消息處理中多重管道之互動與整合─中文字形相似性研究(III) | 作者: | 葉素玲 | 關鍵字: | 中文單字;分類;多向度量尺法;群聚分析;相似性判斷;整體處理;特徵分析;Chinese character;classification;multidimensional scaling;cluster analysis;similarity;holistic processing, feature analysis | 公開日期: | 1998 | 出版社: | 臺北市:國立臺灣大學心理學系暨研究所 | 摘要: | 本計畫分三部份:(一)針對前兩年的計畫成果-中文字形的分類系統(葉素玲、李金鈴、陳一平,民86)的兩個可能混淆變項予以改進。一是字形取樣的類別,參考Liu (1984)的11 類再加一類共選定12 類字形樣本; 二是在各類別內選取字數不等的字形,以去除受試者藉由固定字數而猜出研究者所設定的類別之可能性。 受試者的作業仍是將中文字依其字形的相似性作分組,據此進行群聚分析以及多向度量尺法(MDS)的分析。所得結果與先前的研究結果頗為一致,左右、厂型、L 型、上下、包型仍是五個主要的群聚,而由MDS 所得的三軸可界定為上下/左右、開放/包圍與方/不方。(二)比較不同學習經驗與認知結構的受試者,包括台灣、日本、美國的大學生,以及台灣不識字的老人、幼稚園幼童等五種受試。結果發現台灣大學生與日本大學生所得的結果極為類似,而美國不識中文的大學生、台灣不識字的老人與幼稚園幼童則結果較相似,顯示學習經驗與認知結構都會影響對漢字的知覺,進而影響其分類。 (三)作業情境(呈現方式與時間)的影響。字形方面則操弄字形樣本間的筆劃數、平均亮度、多筆畫偏旁、部首、組成結構等的不同。結果發現呈現時間愈短,則低階視覺因素如平均亮度、頻譜內容等愈重要;而時間愈長,組成結構則愈重要。不論時間長短,筆劃數多寡都是影響相似性判斷的重要變項。 Three parts are included in this project. (1) To verify the classification system of the shapes of Chinese characters identified by Yeh, Li, and Chen (1997), the 1st part was designed to avoid the two possible shortcomings in the previous study. Twelve predesignated categories of characters adopted from Liu (1984) were selected to cover a larger spectrum of Chinese characters. In addition, the set size in each category was varied to prevent subjects’ guessing as hinted by the regularity of the constant set size. As with the previous study, the subjects were asked to group Chinese characters according to the degree of similarities in their shapes. Hierarchical cluster analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling were conducted and the results were consistent with the original report by Yeh et al.. Horizontal, L-shaped, 厂-shaped, vertical and enclosed characters formed 5 major clusters. Horizontal-vertical, open-enclosed, and square-nonsquare were identified as the 3 axes in the character space. (2) To examine the influence of learning experience and cognitive structure on classification schemes of the shapes of Chinese characters, the sorting results obtained from Taiwanese, Japanese and American undergraduates, and Taiwanese illiterate elders and kindergartners were compared. Though differing in the pronunciation of Chinese characters the classification results of Taiwanese and Japanese undergraduates were very similar. American undergraduates who have never learned Chinese had similar judgement with that of Taiwanese illiterate elders and kindergartners. It thus seems that both learning experience and cognitive structure play certain roles in the classification of the shapes of Chinese characters. (3) To examine the effect of different conditions (i.e., different tasks & varied duration) on the similarity judgment, discrimination task with different duration and sorting task with restricted and unrestricted groupings were conducted. Stroke counts, brightness, radicals, heavier components and structures between sample characters were manipulated. The results show that for short duration, brightness (DC level) and the low spatial frequency components were important, whereas for long duration, structure was more important. Among all conditions, stroke counts affected subjects’ similarity judgment substantially. |
URI: | http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/29389 | 其他識別: | 872413H002027G5 | Rights: | 國立臺灣大學心理學系暨研究所 |
顯示於: | 心理學系 |
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872413H002027G5.pdf | 26.94 kB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
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