Cis-9, trans-11, trans-13-conjugated linolenic acid induces apoptosis and sustained ERK phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes
Journal
Nutrition
Journal Volume
28
Journal Issue
7/8
Pages
803-811
Date Issued
2012
Author(s)
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the adipogenic effect of cis-9, trans-11, trans-13-conjugated linolenic acid (c9, t11, t13-CLN), a fatty acid naturally present in bitter melon. Methods: The 3T3-L1 murine preadipocyte cell line was used to test the effect of saponifiables from whole bitter melon and of commercially prepared pure c9, t11, t13-CLN on adipocyte differentiation. The effect of c9, t11, t13. -CLN on 3T3-L1 cell viability was also tested at proliferation, mitotic clonal expansion, and terminal differentiation stages. Results: Compared to the free fatty acid control mixture, the proadipogenic effect on 3T3-L1 was less potent using saponifiables obtained from bitter melon. C9, t11, t13-CLN, unlike its non-conjugated counterpart linolenic acid (LN) or other common fatty acids such as oleic acid or linoleic acid, exerted no proadipogenic effect on 3T3-L1. In contrast to LN displaying no cytotoxic effect at a concentration ?100 μM, c9, t11, t13-CLN caused a dose-dependent reduction in the viability of pre- and postconfluent preadipocytes associated with apoptosis. Sustained ERK/MAPK activation, accompanied by increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ phosphorylation, was seen in c9, t11, t13-CLN-treated cells at initiation of differentiation. Conclusion: C9, t11, t13-CLN is less adipogenic for 3T3-L1 cells than LN and this is partly due to its apoptotic effect on proliferating preadipocytes and to the sustained ERK phosphorylation seen during mitotic clonal expansion. ? 2012 Elsevier Inc.
Subjects
3T3-L1; Adipogenesis; Cis-9; ERK/MAPK; Linolenic acid; Trans-11; Trans-13 onjugated linolenic acid
SDGs
Other Subjects
cis 9, trans 11, trans 13 conjugated linolenic acid; fatty acid; linolenic acid; mitogen activated protein kinase; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; unclassified drug; adipocyte; adipogenesis; animal cell; apoptosis; article; cell clone; cell differentiation; cell expansion; cell proliferation; cell strain 3T3; cell viability; concentration response; controlled study; cytotoxicity; enzyme activation; enzyme phosphorylation; Momordica charantia; nonhuman; priority journal; proadipocyte; protein phosphorylation; 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Animals; Anti-Obesity Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Fruit; Gene Expression Regulation; Linolenic Acids; Mice; Momordica charantia; Osmolar Concentration; Phosphorylation; PPAR gamma; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; RNA, Messenger; Triglycerides; Cucumis; Murinae
Type
journal article