少年未升學未就業經驗的意涵：生命歷程理論觀點

Abstract

生命歷程理論（life course theory）關注特定時空脈絡如何影響個人的生命歷程與轉銜。當代社會變遷促使青少年轉銜的延長化、複雜化與個別化，提高轉銜過程中面臨的風險。無法按照制度化生命歷程轉銜的未升學未就業青少年，正因此受到社會高度的關注。為了瞭解臺灣未升學未就業青少年在轉銜過程中所面臨的挑戰與需求，並為服務輸送與政策制定提供建議以降低轉銜中的挑戰，本研究透過生命歷程研究的質性研究設計，使用敘述訪談（narrative interview）來瞭解八位擁有未升學未就業經驗受訪者的生命歷史，並以生命歷程理論的制度、結構、個人三面向架構，探討未升學未就業此一經驗的各階段歷程。透過分析受訪者在每個階段的回應策略，歸納出三種轉銜類型，分別是策略型、且戰且走型與轉向型。最後，根據以上分析與結論，從個人、結構與制度三面向為實務工作者與政策規劃者提供回應未升學未就業狀態青少年需求的相關建議。

Life course theory focuses on how social and historial contexts have impact on the life course and trasitions of people. The rapid change in thecontemporary society had prolonged, complicated, and individualized the life course transitions of young people, which then increased the risk in the process of transition. Youths in NEET (not in Education, Employment, or Training) have been regarded as a social problem; since these people failed to follow the institutionalized life course expected by the mainstream society. This study aims to understand the needs of youths in NEET and the challenges they face in transitions, with an attempt to provide service and policy implication for future work. This research interviewed eight youths who had experienced NEET in the past. Their NEET experiences were analyzed through a multi-dimensonal framework. This study further induced three types of behaviors that these youths adopted to cope with life transitions, that is, the strategic type, the taking chances type and the diversion type. Based on these findings, suggestions for practitioners and policy makers were made to better respond to the needs of these young people.