https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/56150
標題: | 中共西部大開發之戰略分析-地緣政治經濟學的觀點 The Analysis of the Western Development Strategy of China--The Viewpoint of Geo-political Economy |
作者: | 黃武雄 Huang, Wu-Hsiung |
關鍵字: | 西部大開發;地緣政治;地緣經濟;戰略;區域經濟;geo-political economy;Go West Program;the Western Development Strategy;regional inequality in China;regional development policy;the coastal development strategy | 公開日期: | 2005 | 摘要: | 在本文第一章中,首先對西部大開發的源起稍做概略的描述,提出研究的動機與目的,最後再介紹本文的研究範圍、方法及限制所在。第二章中,筆者試圖分析西部大開發政策提出的背景,分別以領土、人民、政府與主權剖析關乎生存的核心利益意涵,以及由政治鞏固、經濟發展與社會穩定三層次說明關乎中國持續發展的重要利益。藉此探討國家機器與社會環境間的互動與反饋關係,以及國家機器的掌控者感受到國家利益受到何種程度的威脅以作出政策的調整及產出。 第三章筆者將針對中國區域發展戰略的演變進行整理,希望藉此歸納出西部大開發戰略背後的戰略思考邏輯,並嘗試對中國推出西部大開發戰略的思路進行演譯。第四章部分將從西部大開發的重點區域出發,歸納出內、外兩個層面的戰略意涵。在中國漸次推進的戰略思考架構下,西部大開發一方面促成了中國政府國家能力的深化,這部份將分由政治面、社會面與經濟面來進行分析。對外層次上,筆者以地緣政治分析嘗試說明在海陸爭霸的戰略形勢下,解構大國開發大西部的戰略意涵。 政策乃是決策者的戰略思維的最佳體現,在第五章中,筆者將由西部大開發政策的形成背景談起,從認知層次、戰略架構層次與政策行為層次進行具體的政策分析。結論部分將探討中共加入世界貿易組織後,因更進一步被整合進國際經濟體系,導致其經濟體係勢必更進一步市場化,在此情況下,中共推動西部大開發將遭遇無可避免的機會與挑戰,如開放的經濟環境與技術轉移的機會,及更激烈的市場競爭與要素爭奪等。最後,本文對於中國仍無法確認西部大開發政策能夠成功達到的情況下,在中國全力吹捧西部遠景,積極吸引台商與外資進入大西部的同時,嘗試說明西部大開發的戰略目的,提供未來研究者之參考。 Generally speaking, China’s development strategy has been characterized by shifting patterns towards the east and west depending on different circumstances both from within and from without and changing government’s objectives at the time. In setting the nation’s development strategy, the Chinese government has to balance between emphasis on economic efficiency and the political necessity for balanced development between regions. At different stages, different objectives prevailed. When the government focused on redressing past imbalances in the 1950s, it allocated most investment resources to the western region. From the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, increasing military and national security concerns made the government launch the third-front projects. From the mid-1980s, when maximization of economic growth became the primary goal, the central government pushed through the Coastal Development Strategy. Since China began its program of economic reforms in late 1978, the eastern coastal region has developed more rapidly than the western inland region. As a result, the economic gap between the eastern and western regions of China has been widening rapidly over the past 20 years. The confluence of widening regional disparities, mounting complaints from western leaders, increasing separatist activities and the perceived worsening security environment along China’s southeast coast has led the central leaders to reverse the development priority from fast growth of the coastal region to emphasis on a more balanced regional development strategy. In such historical context, Chinese leaders have embarked on the so-called ‘Go West Program’. However, Envisioned as a move to reinvent another China, this major policy reorientation may have significant implications both for China and the world beyond, especially its surrounding regions. Historically, the western region always had seen as an important zone strategically because it’s linkage with central Asia. Therefore, we can thrust that China’s development strategy from an emphasis on fast growth of the coastal area to a more balanced development, and also compassed the aim to national interest and national security. After 911 event especially, there is a dramatic change in the balance of power in Eurasia. U.S. performed anti-terrorism projects in the Central Asia region, by the way the region has seen as it’s influence of sphere. From the perspective of geopolitics, China’s west region means the Heartland mentioned by Halford J. Mackinder. So we can claim boldly that who rules the region conmmands China. If we observed the Western Development Strategy of China from the viewpoint, we will find that the launching of the new policy implied strategical significance. In accordance with the above- mentioned, the focus of this article is to analyze the process of the Western Development Strategy in the view of geo-political economy. Only think in integrated with economical, political and geographical levels we can truly understand that the implication for China’s performance of the Western Development Strategy. |
URI: | http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/57056 | 其他識別: | zh-TW |
顯示於: | 國家發展研究所 |
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ntu-94-R88341055-1.pdf | 23.53 kB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
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