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  4. CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Opioid Tolerance: A Translational Study
 
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CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Opioid Tolerance: A Translational Study

Journal
Anesthesia and Analgesia
Journal Volume
124
Journal Issue
3
Pages
972-979
Date Issued
2017
Author(s)
CHIH-PENG LIN  
Kang K.-H.
Tu H.-J.
Wu M.-Y.
Lin T.-H.
Liou H.-C.
WEI-ZEN SUN  
WEN-MEI FU  
DOI
10.1213/ANE.0000000000001480
URI
https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/564570
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain may lead to analgesic tolerance, especially when administered intrathecally, thus preventing adequate pain relief. Discovering drug targets to treat opioid tolerance using a mechanism-based approach targeting opioid-induced neuroinflammation provides new therapeutic opportunities. In this study, we provide translational evidence that CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of opioid tolerance. METHODS: The CXCL12 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of opioid-tolerant patients were compared with those of opioid-naive subjects. For further investigation, a rodent translational study was designed using 2 clinically relevant opioid delivery paradigms: daily intraperitoneal morphine injections and continuous intrathecal morphine infusion. We measured rats' tail flick responses and calculated the percentage of maximum possible effects (%MPE) to demonstrate opioid acute antinociception and the development of analgesic tolerance. The effects of exogenous CXCL12, CXCL12 neutralizing antibody, and receptor antagonist AMD3100 were investigated by intrathecal administration. Data were presented as mean ± SEM. RESULTS: CXCL12 was significantly upregulated in the cerebrospinal fluid of opioid-tolerant patients for 892 ± 34 pg/mL (n = 27) versus 755 ± 33 pg/mL (n = 10) in naive control subjects (P =.03). Furthermore, after 2 and 5 days of intrathecal morphine infusion, rat lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn CXCL12 messenger RNA levels were significantly upregulated by 3.2 ± 0.7 (P =.016) and 3.4 ± 0.3 (P =.003) fold, respectively. Results from the daily intraperitoneal morphine injection experiments revealed that administering an intrathecal infusion of CXCL12 for 24 hours before the first morphine injection did not decrease antinociception efficacy on day 1 but accelerated tolerance after day 2 (%MPE 49.5% vs 88.1%, P =.0003). In the intrathecal morphine coinfusion experiments, CXCL12 accelerated tolerance development (%MPE 9.4% vs 43.4% on day 1, P <.0001), whereas coadministration with CXCL12 neutralizing antibody attenuated tolerance (72.5% vs 43.4% on day 1, P <.0001; 47.6% vs 17.5% on day 2, P <.0001). Coadministration of receptor antagonist AMD 3100 can persistently preserve morphine analgesic effects throughout the study period (27.9% ± 4.1% vs 0.9% ± 1.6% on day 5, P =.03). CONCLUSIONS: The CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of opioid tolerance. Our study indicates that intervening with CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling has therapeutic potential for opioid tolerance. Copyright ? 2016 International Anesthesia Research Society.
SDGs

[SDGs]SDG3

Other Subjects
analgesic agent; chemokine receptor CXCR4; messenger RNA; morphine; neutralizing antibody; plerixafor; stromal cell derived factor 1; biological marker; chemokine receptor CXCR4; CXCL12 protein, human; CXCR4 protein, human; morphine; narcotic analgesic agent; stromal cell derived factor 1; adult; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; antinociception; Article; cancer pain; cerebrospinal fluid analysis; clinical article; continuous infusion; controlled study; female; gene expression; human; lumbar spinal cord; male; morphine tolerance; nonhuman; pathogenesis; priority journal; prospective study; signal transduction; spinal cord dorsal horn; tail flick test; upregulation; aged; animal; case control study; cerebrospinal fluid; drug effects; drug tolerance; intraspinal drug administration; metabolism; middle aged; pain measurement; physiology; procedures; rat; Sprague Dawley rat; translational research; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Chemokine CXCL12; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Prospective Studies; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, CXCR4; Signal Transduction; Translational Medical Research

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