Pharmacotherapeutic candidates for myopia: A review
Journal
Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy
Journal Volume
133
Pages
111092
Date Issued
2021
Author(s)
Abstract
This review provides insights into the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of myopia and potential targets for clinical intervention. Although the etiology of myopia involves both environmental and genetic factors, recent evidence has suggested that the prevalence and severity of myopia appears to be affected more by environmental factors. Current pharmacotherapeutics are aimed at inhibiting environmentally induced changes in visual input and subsequent changes in signaling pathways during myopia pathogenesis and progression. Recent studies on animal models of myopia have revealed specific molecules potentially involved in the regulation of eye development. Among them, the dopamine receptor plays a critical role in controlling myopia. Subsequent studies have reported pharmacotherapeutic treatments to control myopia progression. In particular, atropine treatment yielded favorable outcomes and has been extensively used; however, current studies are aimed at optimizing its efficacy and confirming its safety. Furthermore, future studies are required to assess the efficacy of combinatorial use of low-dose atropine and contact lenses or orthokeratology. ? 2020 The Authors
Subjects
Atropine; Axial growth; Dopamine; Myopia; Pharmaceutical intervention; Sclera
SDGs
Other Subjects
4 aminobutyric acid; 7 methylxanthine; acetylcholine; atropine; citicoline; collagen; dopamine; dopamine receptor; ecothiopate iodide; fibroblast growth factor 2; glucagon; insulin; matrix metalloproteinase; microRNA; nicotinic receptor; nitric oxide; opiate receptor; pirenzepine; retinoic acid; serotonin; small interfering RNA; small leucine rich proteoglycan; somatomedin C; timolol; tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase; transforming growth factor beta; accommodation disorder; accommodation paralysis; acupuncture; allergic conjunctivitis; blurred vision; clinical trial (topic); comparative effectiveness; cross linking; drug efficacy; drug safety; experimental study; eye development; human; immediate early gene; miosis; mydriasis; myopia; nonhuman; photophobia; photoreceptor; priority journal; refraction error; retina; Review; sclera; side effect; signal transduction; visual impairment; visual information; animal; disease model; drug effect; eye; metabolism; myopia; pathophysiology; signal transduction; treatment outcome; vision; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Eye; Humans; Myopia; Signal Transduction; Treatment Outcome; Vision, Ocular
Publisher
Elsevier Masson s.r.l.
Type
review