Expression of Cyr61 (CCN1) in human oral squamous cell carcinoma: An independent marker for poor prognosis

Background: Cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61 [CCN1]) has disparate functions in tumorigenesis that are dependent on the cell types. The aim of the study was to investigate its role in the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods. The study used immunohistochemistry to examine Cyr61 expression in 93 oral SCC specimens and assessed the effect of Cyr61 overexpression on proliferation and migration of oral SCC cells in vitro and xenograft growth in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Results. High expression of Cyr61 significantly correlated with large tumor size (p =.009) and advanced tumor stage (p =.036). Multivariate analysis revealed that high Cyr61 (relative risk [RR] 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.209-4.95, p =.010) significantly correlated with mortality. Forced expression of Cyr61 stimulated the motility and growth of Ca9-22 cells in vitro and enhanced xenograft growth in SCID mice. Conclusions. Cyr61 is a positive growth modulator of oral SCC and Cyr61 overexpression is an independent prognostic indicator for patients with oral SCC. ? 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.