Non-pharmacological management of hypertension
Journal
Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)
Journal Volume
23
Journal Issue
7
Pages
1275
Date Issued
2021-07-18
Author(s)
Verma, Narsingh
Rastogi, Smriti
Chia, Yook-Chin
Siddique, Saulat
Turana, Yuda
Cheng, Hao-Min
Sogunuru, Guru Prasad
Tay, Jam Chin
Teo, Boon Wee
Tsoi, Kelvin Kam Fai
Kario, Kazuomi
Abstract
Hypertension is an insidious disease which predisposes to cardiovascular complications and if not treated properly can lead to various serious complications. Economic limitations, having additional benefits with few or almost no side effects have made non-pharmacological management of hypertension an attractive approach for dealing with hypertension, in developed and developing countries alike. A MEDLINE search was done for relevant references with emphasis on original studies, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses for this review paper. Lifestyle modifications including changes in the dietary pattern, adopting special diets with low sodium, saturated fat and high calcium, magnesium and potassium and trying the new methods like time restricted meal intake which work in tandem with the circadian rhythm are opening new vistas in the field of non-pharmacological management of hypertension. Lifestyle modifications that effectively lower blood pressure are increased physical activity, weight loss, limited alcohol consumption, relaxation techniques of Yoga, Acupuncture, Tai chi, mindfulness-based stress-reduction program, and Transcendental Meditation. Air pollution of the surrounding air is linked with poor health outcomes and is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Fine particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) is strongly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Short-term PM exposure (hours to weeks) increases the likelihood of adverse cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure, and longer-term exposure multiplies that risk. Non-pharmacological methods should be initiated early phase of disease and should be continued with medication.
Subjects
Non-pharmacological; cardiovascular disease; diastolic blood pressure; hypertension; systolic blood pressure
SDGs
Other Subjects
calcium; magnesium; potassium; saturated fatty acid; antihypertensive agent; acupuncture; air pollution; alcohol consumption; body weight loss; calcium intake; dietary pattern; human; hypertension; lifestyle modification; magnesium intake; meditation; mindfulness; particulate matter 2.5; potassium intake; relaxation training; Review; sleep disordered breathing; sodium restriction; Tai Chi; yoga; blood pressure; hypertension; lifestyle; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Humans; Hypertension; Life Style; Weight Loss
Publisher
WILEY
Type
review