https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/596787
Title: | Urinary excretion study following consumption of various poppy seed products and investigation of the new potential street heroin marker ATM4G | Authors: | Maas A. Kr?mer M. Sydow K. PAI-SHAN CHEN Dame T. Musshoff F. Diehl B.W.K. Madea B. Hess C. |
Keywords: | ATM4G; GC/MS; heroin; LC-MS/MS; poppy seed defense | Issue Date: | 2017 | Publisher: | John Wiley and Sons Ltd | Journal Volume: | 9 | Journal Issue: | 3 | Start page/Pages: | 470-478 | Source: | Drug Testing and Analysis | Abstract: | Discrimination between street heroin consumption and poppy seed ingestion represents a major toxicological challenge in daily routine work. Several difficulties associated with conventional street heroin markers originate from their versatile occurrence in various poppy seed products and medications, respectively, as well as to small windows of detection. A novel opportunity to overcome these hindrances is represented by the new potential street heroin marker acetylated-thebaine-4-metabolite glucuronide (ATM4G), originating from thebaine during street heroin synthesis followed by metabolic reactions after administration. In this study, urine samples after consumption of different German poppy seed products and urine samples from subjects with suspicion of preceding heroin consumption were tested for ATM4G, 6-AC (6-acetylcodeine), papaverine, noscapine, 6-MAM (6-monoacetylmorphine), morphine, and codeine. Neither 6-AC and 6-MAM nor ATM4G but morphine and codeine could be detected in urine samples following poppy seed ingestion. As well, neither papaverine nor noscapine could be observed even after consumption of poppy seeds containing up to 37 ?g noscapine and up to 9.8 ?g papaverine, respectively. Concerning the urine samples with suspicion of preceding heroin consumption, ATM4G could be detected in 9 of 43 cases. By contrast, evidence of 6-AC and 6-MAM, respectively, could only be seen in 7 urine samples. In conclusion, ATM4G should be measured additionally in cases requiring discrimination of street heroin consumption from poppy seed intake. Copyright ? 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright ? 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
URI: | https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84994745831&doi=10.1002%2fdta.2058&partnerID=40&md5=90641ad462fc72f0cd7240e186611b9f https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/596787 |
ISSN: | 1942-7603 | DOI: | 10.1002/dta.2058 | SDG/Keyword: | 6 acetylcodeine; acetylated thebaine 4 metabolite glucuronide; acetylcodeine; codeine; diamorphine; glucuronide; morphine; morphine 6 acetate; noscapine; papaverine; sucrose; thebaine; unclassified drug; diamorphine; glucuronide; narcotic analgesic agent; thebaine; Article; concentration (parameters); controlled study; food intake; human; limit of quantitation; poppy seed; substance use; urinalysis; urinary excretion; chemistry; mass fragmentography; Papaver; procedures; substance abuse; tandem mass spectrometry; urine; Analgesics, Opioid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucuronides; Heroin; Humans; Papaver; Substance Abuse Detection; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Thebaine |
Appears in Collections: | 毒理學研究所 |
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.