眷村改建政策下的眷村意義重構過程 空軍三重一村保存論述形成、認同的建構、空間意義再生產 －

Abstract

於1940年代開始，光復後在國家整編安置龐大的外省籍軍人族群過程中，發展出公有住宅社區的制度性計劃，「眷村」因而成為台灣特殊歷史條件下所形成的具有強烈族群意象、軍籍與位階、政治忠誠、不同地域生活文化揉雜的特殊聚居區域。眷村改建政策於1970-1980年代開始成形，自1996年起，全面進行住宅產權的私有化，因而使得眷村地景快速的在改建過程中消失，同時，在1980年代後民意導向的文化資產保存價值脈絡、1990年代塑造「國家共同體」的社區總體營造政策、以及晚近台灣社會強調多元文化並存的政治氛圍下，「眷村文化保存」論述被提出。研究之目的，希望在此時間點階段性的梳理出「眷村文化保存」行動與論述構成的原因與社會背景，在其中的相關作用者的行動目的與論述如何構成行動結構、生產認同、影響政策，並釐清行動者之間的角色認同問題，進而分析保存行動對於「眷村」這個象徵如何重新詮釋並賦與空間意義。究中發現，眷村文化保存行動代表了對於國家支配性制度的抵抗所形成的集體行動，透過全台各地不同行動者進行組織、串連、生產論述，並與國家制度產生對話，進而影響制度、政策與資源分配。此外，眷村文化保存行動有別於一般城市保存運動中對於單點地景的探討，在處理歷史材料作為核心論述的面向上，眷村保存論述具有特定族群歷史背景共通性及集體記憶的對話對象，「眷村」作為象徵一文化群體的實質空間，在台灣當前「多元文化並存」為政治正確的思考上，以取得政策的正當性位置；在行動結構的層次上，參與其中的行動者有其互動式網狀結構，保存推動過程遇到的結構性問題即反映出行動者面對「國家規範性制度結構」及「社區」間必須處理兩個不同層次的行動關係，並且相互扣連。眷村文化保存行動結構作為重構眷村意義的框架，在行動的時間過程中，「文化特質」作為建構認同的重要材料，進而在由不同行動者個別化的過程、在個人與社會群體所產生的社會意志及文化計畫中處理這些材料，重新安排其意義。保存行動過程中建構了社會網絡，不同行動者因其自身的認同與動機而產生行動並且交互作用，產生眾多不同意義在行動過程中相互競逐，因而重新界定與再生產空間意義。

Starting from 1940s, after the country is restored, under the process to organize and to settle the large number of the external-province native soldiers and their dependents, the government had developed a systematic plan for public housing communities. “Military dependent’s villages” are formed under Taiwan’s special historical conditions, and have become the unique settlements with strong ethnicism, recognition of military status and ranking, political loyalty, and cultural hybridities holding various regional life cultures. The military dependent’s villages’ reconstruction policy was formed in 1970s-1980s. Ever since 1996, the private property ownership was introduced; the landscapes of military dependent’s villages were rapidly vanished through the reconstruction processes. At the same time, the military dependent’s villages” discourses were raised due to the cultural assets preservation value context that were supported by the public opinions after 1980s, the “Nation Unity” community overall construction policy molded in 1990s, and the later political atmosphere emphasizing on the co-existing multi-cultures of the Taiwan society.he purpose of this research is to give a current short-term organization of the reasons and social backgrounds formed by the “cultural preservation of military dependent’s village’s” actions and discourses, including the action purposes and discourses of the relative actors, and how the action structure, production identification, and policy influences were constructed. In addition to clarify the identity problem between the actors; hence to analyze how the preservation actions are going to re-interpret and to give spatial meanings to the symbol of “military dependent’s villages.”t is discovered during the research process that the cultural preservation action of the military dependent’s villages represents a collective action formed to resist the Government’s dominating system. The work is processed through various actors all over Taiwan to form organizations, linkages, and to produce discourses and open up dialogues with the Government’s systems, in order to influence the systems, policies, and the distributions of the resources. In addition, the culture preservation action of the military dependent’s villages is different from a single site investigation of a general city preservation activity. In the aspect of dealing with historical materials as the discourse core, the military dependent’s village preservation discourses share a specific common historical background and dialogue subjects who have a collective memory, which makes “military dependent’s villages” becoming the actual symbolic spaces for a cultural group. Since it is currently politically correct to encourage the “multi-cultures co-existence” in Taiwan, it is not hard for the policy to gain a proper position. In terms of the action structure layer, participating actors have their interactive network structure. The structural questions encountered by the actors during the preservation promoting process reflect their two layers of active relationships when facing “the national regulated systematic structure” and “community,” which are interconnected with each other. The structure of the military dependent’s village culture preservation action is the framework of the significance to reconstruct the military dependent’s villages. Within the active process, the “culture characters” are seen as the important materials for construction identification. The materials are processed and rearranged with new meanings by each actor’s individual process and the individual social wills and culture plans. The social network is constructed during the process of the preservation action. Due to various actors personal identifications and motifs, actions and interaction were generated. Different kind of meanings were under competitions within the process of these actions; hence to redefine and reproduce the spatial meaning.