以文化觀光發展角度探討曼德勒市歷史資產活化之關鍵要素研究

Abstract

近年來緬甸隨著政治型態與生活形態之改變，進行整體全面性的開放發展。因為緬甸將邁向全球化及全國整體發展，但是缺少國際知名度與競爭激烈的情況之下，緬甸政府認為自然環境優勢條件及豐富的文化，以及擁有許多千百年歷史的歷史資產聚集之城市等，可作為當今主流的文化城市行銷方式。故在文化城市行銷的手法中，選擇文化創意導向之文化觀光產業的發展作為當前主要文化城市行銷方式及城市發展的趨勢。故文化觀光發展扮演了代表國家形象與城市發展的關鍵角色。因此本研究認為文化觀光城市的歷史資產區及週邊環境活化，必須考慮所需要的成功之關鍵要素，並作深入的探討。 本研究主要討論的是從文化觀光永續經營發展的理念探討歷史資產區及週邊環境之活化，此觀點中得知歷史資產與文化觀光之間有著相互依存的關係。文化觀光產業可吸引與增加人潮、也能創造地方的經濟成長，並且可作為文化城市行銷之方式及利用媒體傳達之方式，邁向全球化的風潮。文化觀光發展需要具備擁有獨特的歷史資產及充實的文化內涵，更需要抱持著永續經營的信念，這樣觀光產業才能帶動地方的永續經營發展。 本研究藉由德爾菲專家問卷、AHP層級分析法專家問卷與田野調查的研究方法，探討從文化觀光發展理念探討曼德勒市歷史資產區活化之關鍵要素架構體系的建立。期望對曼德勒市璈美達桑歷史資產文化園區之活化策略擬定與運作，提供主要考量之關鍵要素項目與建議。由專家意見問卷分析結果顯示：（1）對於曼德勒市歷史資產區最適合之活化方式為歷史資產及週邊環境之多樣性文化空間活化模式；（2）在都市歷史資產活化關鍵要素架構體系中，全體專家們認為關於環境面之相關要素項目為最主要考量之因素，其次為經濟面之相關要素項目。 本研究主要探討對於即將嚮往文化觀光城市為目標之具備條件; 歷史資產維護、適當保存、鄰里環境的維護、遊憩設施及公共設施的需求、交通便利及鼓勵大眾運輸系統的發展等歷史資產及環境之活化，讓當地居民瞭解文化觀光議題的重要性及對於歷史資產價值觀的認同。

In recent years Myanmar along with the political patterns and the lifestyle change, go ahead the overall integrity opening development. Because mainly to advance to the Globalization and the overall National Development goal, as well as present under the lack in international popularity and completely competition situation, Myanmar Government thinks Myanmar has the original natural environment superiority condition, enrich and various type cultural styles, and owned a lot of Cities which have many Historic Heritage that is hundreds or thousands years old and so on, may take nowadays main stream of Cultural City marketing way. Therefore in the Cultural City marketing’s technique, choose cultural creativity guidance Cultural Tourism Industry Development can do the current main way of Cultural City Marketing and the trend of City Development. So the Cultural Tourism is played an important role on behalf of the National image and City development. Therefore this study though in the Cultural Tourism Development way must consider events that are for this City Historic Heritage and its surrounding environment revitalization way , must be considered one that is successful key elements , it need to be worthy of further discussion Topics. This study discusses about the Historic Heritage Site and Surrounding Environment Revitalization which is a view from Cultural Tourism Sustainable Development Concept, from this concept knows between of the Historic Heritage Site and Cultural Tourisms has mutually interdependent relationship. Cultural Tourism Industry can attract and increase Cultural Tourism industry can attract and enhances the stream of customers, and can create local economic growth; furthermore it may be the way of city marketing and using media communication way, forward the Waves of Globalization. Cultural Tourism needs to have the unique owned historical historic heritage and enrich cultural connotation, more need to sustain manage, so that Cultural Tourism industry can be promote local sustainable development. In this study used by the Delphi expert survey and Annalistic Hierarchy Process (AHP) expert questionnaire and field survey method, from a viewpoint of Cultural Tourism development discuss Mandalay City Historic Heritage sites revitalizing essential key elements framework system’s establishment. Hope that study to Mandalay AungMyayThanzanCultural district revitalization when make a strategic plan and operate, can provide the main considerations of essential key factors items and recommendations. The result of expert’s suggestion questionnaires analysis show (1) for Mandalay City Historic Heritage sites revitalization the most suitable of revitalization way is historic heritage and surrounding environment area multiple cultural space revitalization pattern, (2) in the Urban Historic Heritage Revitalization Framework System, all experts think about Environment Aspect relevant essential element items are the most important and the most need to consideration factors, the second one is Economic Aspect relevant essential element items. The main investigators of this study, soon yearned to be Cultural Tourism City’s goal requirement terms; Historic Heritage maintenance, suitable preserved, neighborhood environment maintenance, The Recreation facilities and Public facilities demand, Transportation System Convenience and Public Transportation System Development, etc., Historic Heritage and neighborhood environment revitalization, so that the local residents can understand the importance of the Cultural Tourism issue and recognition of the values of historic heritage.